Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 18;12:1419886. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1419886. eCollection 2024.
We described how COVID-19 fatality and symptoms varied by dominant variant and vaccination in the US.
Using the Restricted Access Dataset from the US CDC (1/1/2020-10/20/2022), we conducted a cross-sectional study assessing differences in COVID-19 deaths, severity indicators (hospitalization, ICU, pneumonia, abnormal X-ray, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation) and 12 mild symptoms by dominant variant/vaccination periods using logistic regression after controlling for confounders.
We found the highest fatality during the dominant periods of Wild (4.6%) and Delta (3.4%). Most severe symptoms appeared when Delta was dominant (Rate range: 2.0-9.4%). Omicron was associated with higher mild symptoms than other variants. Vaccination showed consistent protection against death and severe symptoms for most variants (Risk Ratio range: 0.41-0.93). Boosters, especially the second, provided additional protection, reducing severe symptoms by over 50%.
This dataset may serve as a useful tool to monitor temporospatial changes of fatality and symptom for case management and surveillance.
我们描述了在美国，COVID-19 的病死率和症状如何因主要变异株和疫苗接种情况而有所不同。
我们使用美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的受限访问数据集（2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 10 月 20 日），开展了一项横断面研究，在控制了混杂因素后，使用逻辑回归评估了 COVID-19 死亡、严重程度指标（住院、重症监护、肺炎、异常 X 光、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、机械通气）以及 12 种轻症症状在主要变异株/疫苗接种期间的差异。
我们发现，在野生型（4.6%）和德尔塔（3.4%）为主导的时期病死率最高。当德尔塔为主导时，最严重的症状出现（发生率范围：2.0-9.4%）。与其他变异株相比，奥密克戎与更高的轻症症状相关。疫苗接种对大多数变异株的死亡和严重症状都有持续的保护作用（风险比范围：0.41-0.93）。加强针，特别是第二针，提供了额外的保护，使严重症状减少了 50%以上。
该数据集可作为监测病死率和症状时空变化的有用工具，以进行病例管理和监测。
