Biocompatibility, antimicrobial efficacy, and therapeutic potential of cobalt carbonate nanoparticles in wound healing, sex hormones, and metabolic regulation in diabetic albino mice.

Nanotechnology enables the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, offering innovative solutions in various fields. Nanoparticles, with their small size and unique properties, have significant applications in the biomedical filed. The current study was designed to assess the biological applications of self-synthesized cobalt carbonate (CoCO) nanoparticles. The crystalline structure and chemical composition of the CoCO-NPs were confirmed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. We observed the 16.58 nm size of novelly synthesized CoCO NPS. The scanning electron microscope study confirmed a uniform cubic spinel structure. The biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity were checked in an invitro setup. We exposed albino mice to these synthesized NPs to study wound healing and metabolic effects. The results of biocompatibility analysis indicated hemolytic activity in a dose-dependent way, which showed no cytotoxic effect except at a higher concentration. Furthermore, the results showed enhanced wound healing processes in CoCO-NP-treated albino mice as compared to the control group. CoCO-NPs have considerable effect on the thyroid hormone and insulin levels in albino mice. The levels of T3, T4, and insulin were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interactions between CoCO-NPs and thyroxine and insulin were confirmed through molecular docking. We confirmed the antimicrobial efficiency of the nanoparticles using MIC values and zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Despite their concentration-dependent biocompatibility concerns, the results are promising, as CoCO-NPs hold potential for use in medical practice, particularly in advanced wound management and microbe inhibition.