Anti-bacterial and wound healing-promoting effects of zinc ferrite nanoparticles.

BACKGROUND

Increasing antibiotic resistance continues to focus on research into the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Due to its antimicrobial and wound healing-promoting activity, metal nanoparticles have attracted attention for dermatological applications. This study is designed to investigate the scope and bactericidal potential of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFeO NPs), and the mechanism of anti-bacterial action along with cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and wound healing properties.

RESULTS

ZnFeO NPs were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation method. Structure, size, morphology, and elemental compositions of ZnFeO NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In PrestoBlue and live/dead assays, ZnFeO NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, the hemocompatibility assay revealed that the NPs do not significantly rupture red blood cells up to a dose of 1000 µg/mL. Bacterial live/dead imaging and zone of inhibition analysis demonstrated that ZnFeO NPs showed dose-dependent bactericidal activities in various strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, NPs showed antimicrobial activity through multiple mechanisms, such as cell membrane damage, protein leakage, and reactive oxygen species generation, and were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, in vitro scratch assay revealed that ZnFeO NPs improved cell migration and proliferation of cells, with noticeable shrinkage of the artificial wound model.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicated that ZnFeO NPs have the potential to be used as a future antimicrobial and wound healing drug.