Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 5;14(1):23166. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74274-y.
Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy has enabled visualization of the in vivo human photoreceptor mosaic in health, disease and its treatment. Despite this, the clinical utility of the imaging technology has been limited by a lack of automated analysis techniques capable of accurately quantifying photoreceptor structure and a lack of an available normative image database. Here, we present a fully automated algorithm for estimating cone spacing and density over a complete adaptive optics montage along with a database of normative images and cone densities. We imaged the cone mosaics surrounding the fovea and along the horizontal and vertical meridians of fifty normal-sighted controls with a custom-built, multimodal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. Cone spacing was automatically measured in the frequency domain and spacing measurements were converted to estimates of cone density at all locations across the montage. Consistent with previous reports, cone density measurements were highest near fovea (152,906 ± 53,209 cones/mm) and decreased exponentially with eccentricity. A 2.5-fold variation was found in cone density estimates at 0.1 mm, this variation decreased to 1.75-fold at 1 mm. We provide all images, mosaic quantifications, and automated software open source. This database will aid investigators in translating adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy to clinical applications.
自适应光学眼底镜使人们能够在健康、疾病及其治疗过程中观察活体人眼的光感受器镶嵌图。尽管如此，由于缺乏能够准确量化光感受器结构的自动分析技术以及缺乏可用的规范图像数据库，该成像技术的临床应用受到了限制。在这里，我们提出了一种全自动算法，用于估算整个自适应光学拼接中的圆锥体间距和密度，以及规范图像和圆锥体密度数据库。我们使用定制的多模态自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜对 50 名视力正常的对照者的黄斑区及其周围和水平及垂直子午线的圆锥体镶嵌图进行了成像。在频域中自动测量圆锥体间距，并且在整个拼接中所有位置的间距测量值都转换为圆锥体密度的估计值。与先前的报告一致，在黄斑区附近（152,906±53,209 个/毫米）的圆锥体密度测量值最高，并随离轴距离呈指数下降。在 0.1 毫米处的圆锥体密度估计值中发现了 2.5 倍的变化，在 1 毫米处该变化减少到 1.75 倍。我们提供所有图像、镶嵌定量和自动软件开源。该数据库将有助于研究人员将自适应光学眼底镜转化为临床应用。
