Allami Youssef, Gooding Nolan B, Young Matthew M, Hodgins David C
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
J Gambl Stud. 2025 Mar;41(1):37-50. doi: 10.1007/s10899-024-10356-w. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
The propensity for individuals to experience problem gambling (PG) varies depending on their motivation to gamble. The present meta-analysis assessed the effect sizes associated with various gambling motives identified in representative population samples. Studies were sourced through PsycINFO, PudMed, and databases maintained by the Alberta Gambling Research Institute and the Greo Evidence Insights. Quantitative studies and technical studies were included if they reported on gambling motivation as a correlate of PG; were published in English, French, or Spanish; used valid and reliable measures PG as an outcome variable; and targeted the general adult population. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios. A total of 26 studies were included from 17 jurisdictions, with most studies conducted in Canadian provinces (k = 17) or specific states of the United States (k = 7). Number of participants varied, depending on the gambling motivation analyzed, and ranged from 2,835 to 51,685. Fourteen unique motives were identified with odds ratios ranging from 0.53 (95% CI, 0.45, 0.63) for gambling for charity to 6.20 (95% CI, 3.83, 10.05) for the motive "to be alone", with high study heterogeneity being observed for many gambling motives, given variability in important study characteristics. The results generally indicate that coping motives were associated with large effect sizes, enhancement motives with medium effect sizes, and all other motives with small or nil effects. Coping motives are on par with other strong risk factors such as participation in online gambling or electronic gaming machines, and are therefore important elements to consider when screening for PG or designing public health messages.
个体出现问题赌博（PG）的倾向因其赌博动机而异。本荟萃分析评估了在具有代表性的人群样本中确定的各种赌博动机相关的效应大小。研究通过PsycINFO、PudMed以及艾伯塔省赌博研究所和Greo Evidence Insights维护的数据库获取。如果定量研究和技术研究报告了赌博动机与PG的相关性；以英文、法文或西班牙文发表；使用有效且可靠的测量方法将PG作为结果变量；并且针对一般成年人群体，则纳入这些研究。进行随机效应荟萃分析以估计合并比值比。总共纳入了来自17个司法管辖区的26项研究，大多数研究在加拿大省份（k = 17）或美国特定州（k = 7）进行。参与者数量因所分析的赌博动机而异，范围从2835人到51685人。确定了14种独特的动机，比值比范围从为慈善赌博的0.53（95%CI，0.45，0.63）到“独处”动机的6.20（95%CI，3.83，10.05），鉴于重要研究特征的变异性，许多赌博动机观察到高度的研究异质性。结果总体表明，应对动机与大效应大小相关，增强动机与中等效应大小相关，而所有其他动机与小效应或无效应相关。应对动机与其他强大的风险因素相当，如参与在线赌博或电子游戏机赌博，因此在筛查PG或设计公共卫生信息时是需要考虑的重要因素。
