Farnetano Margherita, Carucci Laura, Coppola Serena, Oglio Franca, Masino Antonio, Cozzolino Marica, Nocerino Rita, Berni Canani Roberto
Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Front Allergy. 2024 Sep 25;5:1438252. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1438252. eCollection 2024.
Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome (GM) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pediatric food allergy (FA). This scoping review analyzes the current evidence on GM features associated with pediatric FAs and highlights the importance of the GM as a potential target of intervention for preventing and treating this common condition in the pediatric age. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase using the keywords (gut microbiome OR dysbiosis OR gut microbiota OR microbiome signatures) AND (food allergy OR IgE-mediated food allergy OR food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis OR food protein-induced enterocolitis OR non-IgE food allergy OR cow milk allergy OR hen egg allergy OR peanut allergy OR fish allergy OR shellfish allergy OR tree nut allergy OR soy allergy OR wheat allergy OR rice allergy OR food sensitization). We included 34 studies reporting alterations in the GM in children affected by FA compared with healthy controls. The GM in pediatric FAs is characterized by a higher abundance of harmful microorganisms (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae, , , and spp.) and lower abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae, , some species). Moreover, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of action elicited by these bacterial species in regulating immune tolerance and of the main environmental factors that can modulate the composition and function of the GM in early life. Altogether, these data improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of FA and can open the way to innovative diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for managing these conditions.
越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群（GM）的改变在儿童食物过敏（FA）的发病机制中起关键作用。本综述分析了目前关于与儿童食物过敏相关的肠道微生物群特征的证据，并强调了肠道微生物群作为预防和治疗儿童常见疾病的潜在干预靶点的重要性。按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南，我们使用关键词（肠道微生物群或生态失调或肠道微生物群或微生物群特征）和（食物过敏或IgE介导的食物过敏或食物蛋白诱导的过敏性直肠结肠炎或食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎或非IgE食物过敏或牛奶过敏或鸡蛋过敏或花生过敏或鱼类过敏或贝类过敏或坚果过敏或大豆过敏或小麦过敏或大米过敏或食物致敏）在PubMed和Embase上进行搜索。我们纳入了34项研究，这些研究报告了与健康对照相比，受食物过敏影响的儿童肠道微生物群的改变。儿童食物过敏中的肠道微生物群的特征是有害微生物（如肠杆菌科、……和……属）的丰度较高，而有益细菌（如双歧杆菌科、……、一些……物种）的丰度较低。此外，我们概述了这些细菌物种在调节免疫耐受方面引发的作用机制，以及在生命早期可调节肠道微生物群组成和功能的主要环境因素。总之，这些数据提高了我们对食物过敏发病机制的认识，并可为管理这些疾病的创新诊断、预防和治疗策略开辟道路。
