Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO box, Adelaide, S.A, 2471, 5001, Australia.
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2023 Oct 19;20(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s12966-023-01526-x.
How time is allocated influences health. However, any increase in time allocated to one behaviour must be offset by a decrease in others. Recently, studies have used compositional data analysis (CoDA) to estimate the associations with health when reallocating time between different behaviours. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of studies that have used CoDA to model how reallocating time between different time-use components is associated with health.
A systematic search of four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) was conducted in October 2022. Studies were eligible if they used CoDA to examine the associations of time reallocations and health. Reallocations were considered between movement behaviours (sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) or various activities of daily living (screen time, work, household chores etc.). The review considered all populations, including clinical populations, as well as all health-related outcomes.
One hundred and three studies were included. Adiposity was the most commonly studied health outcome (n = 41). Most studies (n = 75) reported reallocations amongst daily sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA. While other studies reported reallocations amongst sub-compositions of these (work MVPA vs. leisure MVPA), activity types determined by recall (screen time, household chores, passive transport etc.) or bouted behaviours (short vs. long bouts of SB). In general, when considering cross-sectional results, reallocating time to MVPA from any behaviour(s) was favourably associated with health and reallocating time away from MVPA to any behaviour(s) was unfavourably associated with health. Some beneficial associations were seen when reallocating time from SB to both LPA and sleep; however, the strength of the association was much lower than for any reallocations involving MVPA. However, there were many null findings. Notably, most of the longitudinal studies found no associations between reallocations of time and health. Some evidence also suggested the context of behaviours was important, with reallocations of leisure time toward MVPA having a stronger favourable association for health than reallocating work time towards MVPA.
Evidence suggests that reallocating time towards MVPA from any behaviour(s) has the strongest favourable association with health, and reallocating time away from MVPA toward any behaviour(s) has the strongest unfavourable association with health. Future studies should use longitudinal and experimental study designs, and for a wider range of outcomes.
时间分配方式会影响健康。然而，任何一种行为的时间分配增加，都必须以其他行为的时间分配减少为代价。最近，研究使用成分数据分析（CoDA）来估计在不同行为之间重新分配时间时与健康的关联。本综述的目的是提供一个概述，说明哪些研究使用 CoDA 来建模如何重新分配不同时间使用成分与健康相关。
系统检索了 2022 年 10 月四个电子数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、SPORTDiscus）中的研究。如果研究使用 CoDA 来检查时间重新分配与健康之间的关联，则符合纳入标准。重新分配被认为是在运动行为（久坐行为（SB）、低强度体力活动（LPA）、中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA））或各种日常生活活动（屏幕时间、工作、家务等）之间进行的。综述考虑了所有人群，包括临床人群以及所有与健康相关的结果。
共纳入了 103 项研究。肥胖是最常见的健康结果（n=41）。大多数研究（n=75）报告了日常睡眠、SB、LPA 和 MVPA 之间的重新分配。而其他研究报告了这些行为的亚成分之间的重新分配（工作 MVPA 与休闲 MVPA）、由回忆确定的活动类型（屏幕时间、家务、被动运输等）或爆发行为（短时间 vs. 长时间的 SB）。一般来说，考虑到横断面结果，从任何行为重新分配时间到 MVPA 与健康呈有利关联，而从 MVPA 重新分配时间到任何行为与健康呈不利关联。当从 SB 重新分配时间到 LPA 和睡眠时，也观察到一些有益的关联；然而，关联的强度比任何涉及 MVPA 的重新分配都要低。然而，也有许多阴性结果。值得注意的是，大多数纵向研究发现，时间的重新分配与健康之间没有关联。一些证据还表明，行为的背景很重要，将休闲时间重新分配到 MVPA 与健康的关联更强，而将工作时间重新分配到 MVPA 则与之相反。
有证据表明，从任何行为重新分配时间到 MVPA 与健康呈最强的有利关联，而从 MVPA 重新分配时间到任何行为与健康呈最强的不利关联。未来的研究应使用纵向和实验设计，并涵盖更广泛的结果。
