Holliday Derek E, Lelkes Yphtach, Westwood Sean J
Department of Political Science, Stanford University, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Oct 15;3(10):pgae310. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae310. eCollection 2024 Oct.
US partisans view each other with increasing negativity. While many attribute the growth of such affective polarization to nationally cross-cutting forces, such as ideological partisan sorting or access to partisan media, others emphasize the effects of contextual and institutional forces. For the first time, we introduce and explore data sufficiently granular to fully map the extent of partisan animosity across the US states. With a massive, nationally representative survey we find that, counter to expectations, variation in affective polarization across states is relatively small, and is instead largely a function of individual-level attitudinal (but not demographic) characteristics. While elections pit regions of the country against others, our results suggest affective polarization is a national, not regional, problem, requiring national interventions.
美国的党派人士对彼此的看法越来越负面。虽然许多人将这种情感两极分化的加剧归因于全国性的交叉力量,如意识形态的党派分类或接触党派媒体,但也有人强调背景和制度力量的影响。我们首次引入并探讨了足够细致的数据,以全面描绘美国各州党派敌意的程度。通过一项大规模的、具有全国代表性的调查,我们发现,与预期相反,各州情感两极分化的差异相对较小,相反,这在很大程度上是个人层面态度(而非人口统计学)特征的函数。虽然选举使美国不同地区相互对立,但我们的结果表明,情感两极分化是一个全国性而非地区性的问题,需要全国性的干预措施。