Abd-ELrahman Salwa Mahmoud, Dyab Ahmed Kamal, Mahmoud Abeer El-Sayed, Mohamed Shaymaa M, Fouad Alamira Marzouk, Gareh Ahmed, Asseri Jamal, Dahran Naief, Alzaylaee Hind, Albisihi Hayat M, Abd Elrahman Ahmed Mahmoud, Alsharif Fahd M, Mostafa Heba, Hamad Nashwa, Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb, Elossily Nahed Ahmed
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Oct 3;11:1433964. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1433964. eCollection 2024.
Trichinellosis, caused by (), remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis. Developing new drugs targeting and understanding the immune response against the infection is imperative. Previous research has inadequately explored the efficacy of crude myrrh extract and myrrh-based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against trichinellosis, as well as their impact on histopathological, and immunological factors.
This study evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using myrrh, crude myrrh extracts, and albendazole on the intestinal phase of . It also examined the associated histopathological changes and alterations in key immunological markers, including Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Five groups of 12 mice were allocated as follows: group 1: non-infected, non-treated (negative control), group 2: infected, non-treated (positive control), group 3: infected and treated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (40 μg/mL), group 4: infected and treated with myrrh crude extract (800 mg/kg), and group 5: infected and treated with albendazole (50 mg/kg). Treatment was orally administered starting on the 2 day post-infection and continued for three successive days. Mice of all groups were euthanized on the 6 day post-infection, and the intestine of each was isolated for parasitological, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry evaluation of MMP-9, as well as assessment of cytokines level (IFN-γ and IL-10 gene expressions) via Real-time PCR technique.
The present study showed a considerable reduction in adult worm count among the treated groups. The mortality rates of adult worms were 88.64% in the silver nanoparticles treated group, 85.17% in the myrrh crude extract group, and 94.07% in the albendazole-treated group. Histopathological examination revealed prominent alterations in the intestine of the infected non-treated mice, which were markedly restored by treatment. Immunohistochemical examination accompanied by significant reduction in MMP-9 expression in the infected mice treated with AgNPs compared to the infected non-treated group, reflecting the role of AgNPs in downgrading the inflammatory reaction in the intestine of infected mice.
Collectively, this study demonstrates the novel antiparasitic potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized with myrrh against in infected mice. The treatment was associated with moderate rise in IFN-γ gene expression and IL-10 expression, highlighting its therapeutic efficacy against .
由旋毛虫引起的旋毛虫病仍然是一种普遍存在的寄生性人畜共患病。开发针对旋毛虫并了解针对该感染的免疫反应的新药势在必行。先前的研究尚未充分探索没药粗提物和基于没药的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）对旋毛虫病的疗效，以及它们对组织病理学和免疫因素的影响。
本研究评估了用没药生物合成的银纳米颗粒、没药粗提物和阿苯达唑对旋毛虫肠道期的影响。还检查了相关的组织病理学变化以及关键免疫标志物的改变，包括干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）。将五组每组12只小鼠进行如下分配：第1组：未感染、未治疗（阴性对照），第2组：感染、未治疗（阳性对照），第3组：感染并用生物合成的银纳米颗粒（40μg/mL）治疗，第4组：感染并用没药粗提物（800mg/kg）治疗，第5组：感染并用阿苯达唑（50mg/kg）治疗。从感染后第2天开始口服给药，持续连续三天。在感染后第6天对所有组的小鼠实施安乐死，并分离每只小鼠的肠道进行寄生虫学、组织病理学和免疫组织化学评估MMP-9，以及通过实时PCR技术评估细胞因子水平（IFN-γ和IL-10基因表达）。
本研究显示治疗组成虫数量显著减少。银纳米颗粒治疗组成虫死亡率为88.64%，没药粗提物组为85.17%，阿苯达唑治疗组为94.07%。组织病理学检查显示未治疗的感染小鼠肠道有明显改变，治疗后明显恢复。免疫组织化学检查显示，与未治疗的感染组相比，用AgNPs治疗的感染小鼠中MMP-9表达显著降低，这反映了AgNPs在降低感染小鼠肠道炎症反应中的作用。
总体而言本研究证明了用没药生物合成的银纳米颗粒对感染小鼠体内旋毛虫的新型抗寄生虫潜力。该治疗与IFN-γ基因表达和IL-10表达适度升高相关，突出了其对旋毛虫的治疗效果。
