Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Department of Public Health Policy, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 23;19(10):e0311320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311320. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women in Mongolia were compared using secondary data from the STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in 2019. In total, 5,695 participants (2,577 males and 3,118 females) aged 18-69 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 37.4% in total and the prevalence was significantly higher in women (39.2%) than men (35.2%, P = 0.002). The most prevalent MetS components were abdominal obesity in women (74.2%) and high blood glucose levels in men (58.7%). All of the 2,128 participants who were categorized into MetS met the criteria of abdominal obesity. Factors associated with MetS included being 30-69 years old compared to 18-29 years old, low and moderate physical activity levels compared to high levels, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and a high body mass index (overweight and obesity) compared to a normal body mass index in both sexes. Additional factors included Buryat ethnicity compared to Khalkh ethnicity, living in Ulaanbaatar, no education compared to primary education, higher monthly income, and currently drinking in men; and smoking and sufficient fruit and vegetable intake in women. Significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of the prevalence of MetS, components of MetS, and factors associated with MetS. To reduce MetS prevalence in Mongolia, sex-specific programs should be designed to promote health behavior, such as reducing alcohol consumption in men and smoking in women.
本研究利用 2019 年蒙古 STEPWISE 方法进行的非传染性疾病危险因素监测中的二级数据，比较了蒙古男女之间代谢综合征（MetS）的流行情况和相关因素。共有 5695 名 18-69 岁的参与者（2577 名男性和 3118 名女性）纳入本研究。总体而言，MetS 的患病率为 37.4%，女性（39.2%）显著高于男性（35.2%，P=0.002）。最常见的 MetS 组分是女性的腹部肥胖（74.2%）和男性的高血糖水平（58.7%）。所有被归类为 MetS 的 2128 名参与者均符合腹部肥胖的标准。与 18-29 岁相比，30-69 岁；与高水平相比，中低水平的体力活动；高血压和糖尿病史；与正常体重指数相比，超重和肥胖均与 MetS 相关。在两性中，较高的体质指数（超重和肥胖）、布里亚特族与喀尔喀族、居住在乌兰巴托、未接受教育与接受过小学教育、较高的月收入和目前饮酒是 MetS 的相关因素。而在女性中，吸烟和充足的水果和蔬菜摄入也是 MetS 的相关因素。在 MetS 的流行情况、MetS 的组分和与 MetS 相关的因素方面，男女之间存在显著差异。为了降低蒙古的 MetS 患病率，应设计针对两性的特定项目，以促进健康行为，如减少男性的饮酒量和女性的吸烟量。
