Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK.
BMC Med. 2024 Oct 24;22(1):426. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03635-1.
Cigarette smoking is incredibly harmful, even for people who do not smoke every day. This study aimed to estimate trends in non-daily smoking in England between 2006 and 2024, how these differed across population subgroups, and to explore changes in the profile of non-daily smokers in terms of their sociodemographic and smoking characteristics and vaping and alcohol consumption.
Data were collected monthly between November 2006 and April 2024 as part of a nationally representative, repeat cross-sectional survey of adults (≥ 18 years; n = 353,711). We used logistic regression to estimate associations between survey wave and non-daily smoking and used descriptive statistics to characterise the profile of non-daily smokers across 3-year periods.
The proportion who smoked non-daily was relatively stable between November 2006 and November 2013, at an average of 10.5% [10.1-10.9%] of cigarette smokers, then increased to 27.2% [26.0-28.4%] of cigarette smokers (4.0% [3.7-4.2%] of adults) by April 2024. This increase was particularly pronounced among younger adults (e.g. reaching 52.8%, 20.4%, and 14.4% of 18-, 45-, and 65-year-old cigarette smokers by April 2024) and those who vape (reaching 34.2% among vapers vs. 23.1% among non-vapers). Over time, there were reductions in non-daily smokers' mean weekly cigarette consumption (from 34.3 in 2006-2009 to 21.1 in 2021-2024), urges to smoke (e.g. the proportion reporting no urges increased from 29.2 to 38.0%), and motivation to stop smoking (e.g. the proportion highly motivated to quit within the next 3 months decreased from 30.8 to 21.0%).
An increasing proportion of adults in England who smoke cigarettes do not smoke every day, particularly younger adults. Although non-daily smokers report smoking fewer cigarettes and weaker urges to smoke than they used to, which may make it easier for them to stop smoking, they appear to be decreasingly motivated to quit.
吸烟危害极大，即使是那些并非每天吸烟的人也是如此。本研究旨在估计 2006 年至 2024 年期间英格兰非每日吸烟的趋势，以及这些趋势在不同人群亚组中的差异，并探讨非每日吸烟者在社会人口统计学和吸烟特征以及电子烟和酒精消费方面的吸烟模式变化。
数据每月收集一次，时间为 2006 年 11 月至 2024 年 4 月，作为对成年人（≥18 岁；n=353711）进行的全国代表性重复横断面调查的一部分。我们使用逻辑回归来估计调查波与非每日吸烟之间的关联，并使用描述性统计来描述非每日吸烟者在 3 年期间的吸烟模式。
在 2006 年 11 月至 2013 年 11 月期间，非每日吸烟者的比例相对稳定，在吸烟人群中占 10.5%[10.1-10.9%]，然后到 2024 年 4 月增加到 27.2%[26.0-28.4%]的吸烟人群（4.0%[3.7-4.2%]的成年人）。这一增长在年轻成年人中尤为明显（例如，到 2024 年 4 月，18、45 和 65 岁的吸烟者中分别有 52.8%、20.4%和 14.4%是偶尔吸烟者），以及电子烟使用者中更为明显（达到 34.2%，而非电子烟使用者中为 23.1%）。随着时间的推移，非每日吸烟者的平均每周香烟消费（从 2006-2009 年的 34.3 支减少到 2021-2024 年的 21.1 支）、吸烟冲动（例如，报告没有吸烟冲动的比例从 29.2%增加到 38.0%）和戒烟动机（例如，在未来 3 个月内强烈戒烟的比例从 30.8%下降到 21.0%）都有所减少。
在英格兰，越来越多的成年吸烟者并非每天吸烟，尤其是年轻成年人。尽管非每日吸烟者报告的吸烟量和吸烟冲动比以前少，这可能使他们更容易戒烟，但他们戒烟的动机似乎越来越小。
