Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Oct 25;56(8):352. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04211-8.
Over the past two decades, there has been a noteworthy surge in the attention and interest surrounding camel rearing and camel milk production in Saudi Arabia. This focus has emanated from diverse stakeholders including the general public, camel breeders, and researchers. While limited quantities of camel pasteurized milk currently available in selected showrooms, the sale of raw milk near camel enclosures remains prevalent. Recent developments include the inauguration of a modernized, opulent showroom in Riyadh exclusively dedicated to showcasing camel milk and its derivatives. The commencement of machine camel milking trials in Saudi Arabia traces back to 2003 when a portable single-bucket cow milking machine was initially tested at the Al-Jouf Range and Camel Research Center in Sakaka city. Subsequently, a company in the northern region of Saudi Arabia emerged the nation's first semi-automatic camel milking line in 2008, which continues to operate to this day. However, these endeavors, while pioneering, lag behind contemporary milking technologies prevalent in dairy farms focused on cows. Despite these strides, there exists a notable dearth of comprehensive data encompassing critical aspects of dairy camel farming. Absence of information on dairy camel and total seasonal milk yields, scientific data on machine milkability, and established production standards and characteristics for female camel milk hinders the sector's progress. This review endeavors to elucidate the obstacles and challenges hindering the widespread adoption of camel machine milking and the implementation of good camel management practices. It also outlines prospective measures aimed at overcoming these challenges for a more robust future for camel as a productive livestock in Saudi Arabia. With global climate changes, crises of protein and water shortages worldwide, and the remarkable production potentials of camels, this exploration aims to contribute to the sustainable development of camel farming in the context of evolving global challenges and opportunities.
在过去的二十年中，沙特阿拉伯对骆驼养殖和骆驼奶生产的关注和兴趣显著增加。这种关注来自于不同的利益相关者，包括公众、骆驼饲养者和研究人员。虽然目前在一些精选的陈列室中可以买到有限数量的骆驼巴氏奶，但在骆驼围栏附近销售生奶仍然很普遍。最近的发展包括在利雅得开设了一个现代化的豪华陈列室，专门展示骆驼奶及其衍生品。沙特阿拉伯开始进行机器挤奶试验可以追溯到 2003 年，当时在 Al-Jouf 地区和 Sakaka 市的骆驼研究中心首次测试了一台便携式单桶奶牛挤奶机。随后，沙特阿拉伯北部的一家公司于 2008 年推出了该国第一条半自动骆驼挤奶线，至今仍在运营。然而，尽管这些努力是开创性的，但它们落后于专注于奶牛的现代奶牛场普遍采用的挤奶技术。尽管取得了这些进展，但在奶用骆驼养殖的关键方面，仍然缺乏全面的数据。缺乏关于奶用骆驼和总季节性产奶量的数据、关于机器挤奶能力的科学数据以及为雌骆驼奶制定的生产标准和特性，这阻碍了该行业的发展。本综述旨在阐明阻碍广泛采用骆驼机器挤奶和实施良好骆驼管理实践的障碍和挑战。它还概述了旨在克服这些挑战的未来措施，以期为骆驼作为沙特阿拉伯一种生产性牲畜的更美好未来奠定基础。随着全球气候变化、全球蛋白质和水资源短缺危机以及骆驼显著的生产潜力，本研究旨在为应对不断变化的全球挑战和机遇，促进骆驼养殖的可持续发展做出贡献。
