Solera-Gómez Silvia, Sancho-Cantus David, Privado Jesús, Cunha-Pérez Cristina, Benedito-Monleón Amparo, Llinares-Insa Lucía Inmaculada
Hospital Francisco de Borja, 46701, Valencia, Spain.
Doctoral School, University of Valencia, 46600 Valencia, Spain.
Nurs Rep. 2024 Oct 3;14(4):2758-2776. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14040204.
Nursing, as an essential component of contemporary healthcare systems, has undergone significant changes in recent decades, resulting in an increase in research across various fields, such as mental health, well-being, and the development of the discipline itself. Currently, gender stereotypes persist, impacting the social image of the profession and influencing the professional identity of nurses and consequently, their work performance and the quality of care provided. Both public and internal perceptions of the profession are critical factors in these dynamics.
to adapt and validate the Nursing Attitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample, as it has only been validated in two languages to date.
This study presents descriptive and validity analyses of several measures utilized, such as Nursing Image (NIS), Medical Empathy (JSE-HP), Professional Values (NPVS) and Communication Skills (HP-CSS).
Confirmatory factor model analyses indicated that a 21-item hierarchical model provided a superior fit (χ(df = 1.65, NFI = 0.954, SRMR = 0.065), suggesting the presence of a general factor accounting for five first-order factors. Internal consistency was deemed adequate for the total measures (α = 0.789), though variable for the subscales. Correlations among measures provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, highlighting consistent correlation patterns between Attitude toward Nursing and other variables. In addition, significant differences were observed in the Professionalism subscale according to sex, albeit with a medium-low effect size. Scales are presented to facilitate future interpretation of the results in similar samples.
The scale validated in this study exhibited overall good psychometric performance, although certain limitations were identified within the subscales. The established scales represent a novel contribution, providing a valuable tool for the comparison of similar samples.
护理作为当代医疗保健系统的重要组成部分，在近几十年发生了重大变化，导致各个领域的研究不断增加，如心理健康、幸福感以及该学科自身的发展。目前，性别刻板印象依然存在，影响着该职业的社会形象，进而影响护士的职业认同，最终影响他们的工作表现和所提供护理的质量。公众和业内对该职业的认知都是这些动态变化中的关键因素。
在西班牙样本中对《护理态度问卷》进行改编和验证，因为该问卷迄今为止仅在两种语言中得到验证。
本研究对所使用的几种测量方法进行了描述性和效度分析，如护理形象（NIS）、医学同理心（JSE-HP）、职业价值观（NPVS）和沟通技巧（HP-CSS）。
验证性因素模型分析表明，一个包含21个条目的层次模型拟合效果更佳（χ(df = 1.65, NFI = 0.954, SRMR = 0.065)），这表明存在一个解释五个一阶因素的一般因素。总体测量的内部一致性被认为是足够的（α = 0.789），尽管各分量表的一致性有所不同。测量之间的相关性为收敛效度和区分效度提供了证据，突出了对护理态度与其他变量之间一致的相关模式。此外，根据性别在专业精神分量表中观察到了显著差异，尽管效应量为中低水平。还给出了量表以方便未来对类似样本的结果进行解释。
本研究中验证的量表总体上表现出良好的心理测量性能，尽管在分量表中发现了某些局限性。所建立的量表是一项新的贡献，为类似样本的比较提供了一个有价值的工具。
