Frizzell R T, Lang G H, Lowance D C, Lathan S R
JAMA. 1986 Feb 14;255(6):772-4.
Two ultramarathon runners were hospitalized with hyponatremic encephalopathy after completing 80 and 100 km (50 and 62 miles), respectively, of the 1983 American Medical Joggers Association ultramarathon race in Chicago. The two runners consumed such large quantities of free water during the race that apparent water intoxication developed. Both recovered satisfactorily after treatment with intravenous saline. The hyponatremia was caused primarily by increased intake and retention of dilute fluids and contributed to by excessive sweat sodium loss. A possible explanation for the postrace onset of symptoms might be the sudden absorption of fluid in the gastrointestinal tract after exercise ceased, with subsequent further dilution of the plasma sodium. Hyponatremia, which has not been commonly associated with exercise, should be considered as a possible consequence of ultraendurance events.
在1983年于芝加哥举行的美国医学慢跑者协会超级马拉松比赛中，两名超级马拉松运动员分别跑完80公里（50英里）和100公里（62英里）后，因低钠血症性脑病住院。这两名运动员在比赛中饮用了大量的游离水，以至于出现了明显的水中毒。两人经静脉输注生理盐水治疗后均恢复良好。低钠血症主要是由于摄入和潴留稀释性液体增加所致，同时过度出汗导致钠丢失也起到了一定作用。赛后症状发作的一个可能解释是运动停止后胃肠道液体的突然吸收，随后血浆钠进一步稀释。低钠血症通常与运动无关，但应被视为超耐力运动项目可能产生的后果。
