de Mello Amilton S, Ferguson Bradley S, Shebs-Maurine Erica L, Giotto Francine M
Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Noncoding RNA. 2024 Oct 11;10(5):52. doi: 10.3390/ncrna10050052.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by degrading or repressing mRNA translation into proteins. Research recently suggested that food-derived miRNAs are bioavailable and may be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Since these small RNAs may reach the circulation and organs, possible interactions with host genes will lead to epigenetic effects that alter metabolism. Therefore, from a precision nutrition standpoint, exogenous miRNAs may be essential in modulating health status. This review summarizes the process of miRNA biogenesis, the post-translational mechanisms of gene regulation, and their bioavailability in animal- and plant-derived foods.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，通过降解或抑制mRNA翻译成蛋白质来控制基因表达。最近的研究表明，食物来源的miRNA具有生物可利用性，可能在胃肠道（GIT）中被吸收。由于这些小RNA可能进入循环系统和器官，与宿主基因的潜在相互作用将导致改变新陈代谢的表观遗传效应。因此，从精准营养的角度来看，外源性miRNA可能对调节健康状况至关重要。这篇综述总结了miRNA的生物发生过程、基因调控的翻译后机制及其在动物和植物源性食物中的生物可利用性。
