Gatta Elisa, Ippolito Salvatore, Cappelli Carlo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
Centro per la Diagnosi e Cura delle Neoplasie Endocrine e delle Malattie della Tiroide, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Endocrine. 2025 Apr;88(1):75-79. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-04084-9. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Hypothyroidism is typically treated with levothyroxine monotherapy. However, despite normalized serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, 5-10% of patients continue to experience persistent symptoms, raising concerns about the adequacy of thyroxine monotherapy. Combination therapy with levothyroxine and liothyronine has been proposed as an alternative, but it presents practical challenges, including dosing complexity, the short half-life of triiodothyronine, increased monitoring requirements, and potential adverse effects. Moreover, there is no clear consensus within the medical community regarding the superiority of combination therapy over levothyroxine monotherapy, although some studies indicate potential benefits in specific patient populations. Genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the DIO2 gene, may influence individual responses to therapy, further complicating treatment. To address the limitations of combination therapy, we propose a novel approach: TTCombo. This digital health technology delivers personalized doses of levothyroxine and liothyronine, improving treatment adherence and optimizing outcomes. By providing individualized, physiologically tailored hormone replacement, TTCombo has the potential to revolutionize hypothyroidism management and enhance patient quality of life.
甲状腺功能减退症通常采用左甲状腺素单一疗法进行治疗。然而,尽管血清促甲状腺激素水平已恢复正常,但仍有5%至10%的患者持续存在症状,这引发了对左甲状腺素单一疗法充分性的担忧。左甲状腺素与碘塞罗宁联合治疗已被提议作为一种替代方案,但它存在实际挑战,包括给药复杂性、三碘甲状腺原氨酸半衰期短、监测需求增加以及潜在的不良反应。此外,尽管一些研究表明在特定患者群体中联合治疗有潜在益处,但医学界对于联合治疗相对于左甲状腺素单一疗法的优越性尚无明确共识。遗传因素,如二碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶2(DIO2)基因的多态性,可能会影响个体对治疗的反应,使治疗更加复杂。为了解决联合治疗的局限性,我们提出了一种新方法:TTCombo。这种数字健康技术可提供个性化剂量的左甲状腺素和碘塞罗宁,提高治疗依从性并优化治疗效果。通过提供个性化的、生理上量身定制的激素替代疗法,TTCombo有潜力彻底改变甲状腺功能减退症的管理方式并提高患者生活质量。