Mehraeen Esmaeil, Yarmohammadi Soudabeh, Mirzapour Pegah, Zadeh Seyed Saeed Tamehri, Dehghani Soheil, Molaeipour Leila, Molla Ayoob, Karimi Elaheh, Abbaspour Faeze, SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad
Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 May 25;28(4):e728-e743. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786046. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has emerged as a notable symptom among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, with its prevalence varying among different populations. Recognizing the need to provide therapeutic solutions for these individuals, the present study seeks to comprehensively review the current evidence on potential underlying mechanisms and treatment modalities to manage OD in COVID-19 patients. To review the recent evidence on treatments for OD in COVID-19. From the beginning of the study until August 2nd, 2023, we conducted a systematic search on four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, to find relevant publications. In the present study, 37 articles were selected for data extraction and included in the final review. The total number of patients was of 3,560 (2,098 female and 1,462 male subjects). The predominant disorders reported were hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia. In most of the studies, the pre and postintervention assessments were the same, except for one study, in which the pre-intervention assessment of the disorder was through the SST, Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST), and the post-intervention assessment was through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). The findings suggest olfactory training (OT), ivermectin, palmitoylethanolamide, luteolin, and systemic corticosteroids, in combination with topical corticosteroids, are potential therapies for COVID-19 patients with olfactory impairment. Although the review suggested several medications for OD treatment, further research must delve into the specific impact of OT, a non-pharmacological modality, regarding the mitigation of OD. By continuing to investigate and refine these therapeutic approaches, we can better support COVID-19 patients and improve their quality of life while navigating the challenges posed by OD.
嗅觉功能障碍（OD）已成为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者的一个显著症状，其在不同人群中的患病率有所不同。鉴于需要为这些患者提供治疗方案，本研究旨在全面回顾当前关于COVID-19患者嗅觉功能障碍潜在潜在机制和治疗方式的证据。 为了回顾近期关于COVID-19嗅觉功能障碍治疗的证据。从研究开始到2023年8月2日，我们在四个电子数据库PubMed、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science上进行了系统检索，以查找相关出版物。 在本研究中，选取了37篇文章进行数据提取并纳入最终综述。患者总数为3560例（女性2098例，男性1462例）。报告的主要病症为嗅觉减退、嗅觉丧失和嗅觉异常。在大多数研究中，干预前后的评估方法相同，但有一项研究除外，该研究中干预前对病症的评估通过嗅觉棒测试（SST）进行，干预后评估通过视觉模拟量表（VAS）和22项鼻鼻窦结局测试（SNOT-22）进行。研究结果表明，嗅觉训练（OT）、伊维菌素、棕榈酰乙醇胺、木犀草素以及全身性皮质类固醇与局部皮质类固醇联合使用，可能是治疗嗅觉受损的COVID-19患者的潜在疗法。 尽管该综述提出了几种治疗嗅觉功能障碍的药物，但必须进一步研究非药物治疗方式嗅觉训练对减轻嗅觉功能障碍的具体影响。通过持续研究和完善这些治疗方法，我们能够更好地支持COVID-19患者，改善他们的生活质量，同时应对嗅觉功能障碍带来的挑战。
