Zhang Qiang, Wang Zongqi, Gao Runjie, Jiang Yina
School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Plant Cell Environ. 2025 Feb;48(2):1656-1673. doi: 10.1111/pce.15242. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
Heterotrophic microbes rely on host-derived carbon sources for their growth and survival. Depriving pathogens of plant carbon is therefore a promising strategy for protecting plants from disease and reducing yield losses. Importantly, this carbon starvation-mediated resistance is expected to be more broad-spectrum and durable than race-specific R-gene-mediated resistance. Although sugars are well characterized as major carbon sources for bacteria, emerging evidence suggests that plant-derived lipids are likely to be an essential carbon source for some fungal microbes, particularly biotrophs. Here, we comprehensively discuss the dual roles of carbon sources (mainly sugars and lipids) and their transport processes in immune signalling and microbial nutrition. We summarize recent findings revealing the crucial roles of lipids as susceptibility factors at all stages of pathogen infection. In particular, we discuss the potential pathways by which lipids and other plant carbon sources are delivered to biotrophs, including protein-mediated transport, vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and offer suggestions for clarifying the mechanisms that underlie nutrient uptake by biotrophs, providing guidance for future research on the application of carbon starvation-mediated resistance.
异养微生物依靠宿主来源的碳源进行生长和存活。因此，剥夺病原体的植物碳源是保护植物免受病害并减少产量损失的一种有前景的策略。重要的是，这种碳饥饿介导的抗性预计比种族特异性R基因介导的抗性具有更广泛的谱型和更高的持久性。尽管糖类作为细菌的主要碳源已得到充分表征，但新出现的证据表明，植物来源的脂质可能是某些真菌微生物，特别是活体营养型微生物的必需碳源。在这里，我们全面讨论碳源（主要是糖类和脂质）的双重作用及其在免疫信号传导和微生物营养中的转运过程。我们总结了最近的发现，揭示了脂质在病原体感染各个阶段作为感病因子的关键作用。特别是，我们讨论了脂质和其他植物碳源输送到活体营养型微生物的潜在途径，包括蛋白质介导的转运、囊泡运输和自噬。最后，我们强调了知识空白，并为阐明活体营养型微生物养分吸收的潜在机制提供建议，为未来碳饥饿介导抗性应用的研究提供指导。
