Fan Yifan, Chen Limin, Zheng Yuanxi, Li Ao, Lin Hongyu, Gao Jinhao
The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Chem Biomed Imaging. 2023 Mar 29;1(3):192-204. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00024. eCollection 2023 Jun 26.
Traditional diagnosis relies on identifying anatomical abnormality, which offers a stage for various anatomical imaging techniques, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasonic imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The good capacity of providing anatomical details, especially for soft tissues, popularizes the clinical use of MRI. However, as the understanding of various diseases reaches the molecular level, it is gradually accepted that molecular anomaly often precedes anatomical abnormality. Therefore, molecular imaging, which is aimed at gathering various molecular information in organisms via imaging, starts to gain momentum. Unfortunately, traditional MRI is not capable of molecular imaging. As a result, there is an urgent demand for probes that enable MRI to "see" molecules. A promising design strategy for these probes is to elicit a signal change triggered by the presence of molecular targets, i.e. activation. Benefiting from the rapid development of nanotechnology, a number of nanoparticle-based activatable MRI probes have been developed for molecular imaging. This review summarizes recent advances of activatable MRI nanoprobes for imaging pathological characteristics of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on the design strategies and applications of these probes. In addition, the prospects and challenges of activatable MRI nanoprobes are also discussed.
传统诊断依赖于识别解剖学异常，这为各种解剖成像技术提供了舞台，如X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）、超声成像和磁共振成像（MRI）。MRI能够很好地提供解剖细节，尤其是对软组织的细节显示，这使得其在临床上得到广泛应用。然而，随着对各种疾病的认识深入到分子层面，人们逐渐认识到分子异常往往先于解剖学异常出现。因此，旨在通过成像收集生物体中各种分子信息的分子成像开始兴起。不幸的是，传统MRI无法进行分子成像。因此，迫切需要能够使MRI“看到”分子的探针。这些探针的一种有前景的设计策略是引发由分子靶点的存在触发的信号变化，即激活。受益于纳米技术的快速发展，已经开发出了许多基于纳米颗粒的可激活MRI探针用于分子成像。本文综述了可激活MRI纳米探针在癌症、炎症和神经退行性疾病病理特征成像方面的最新进展，重点介绍了这些探针的设计策略和应用。此外，还讨论了可激活MRI纳米探针的前景和挑战。
