Suhito Intan Rosalina, Sunil Christina, Tay Andy
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
Institute of Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
Bioact Mater. 2024 Oct 18;44:164-183. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.10.010. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Animal models have been extensively used as a gold standard in various biological research, including immunological studies. Despite high availability and ease of handling procedure, they inadequately represent complex interactions and unique cellular properties in humans due to inter-species genetic and microenvironmental differences which have resulted in clinical-stage failures. Organoid technology has gained enormous attention as they provide sophisticated insights about tissue architecture and functionality in miniaturized organs. In this review, we describe the use of organoid system to overcome limitations in animal-based investigations, such as physiological mismatch with humans, costly, time-consuming, and low throughput screening. Immune organoids are one of the specific advancements in organogenesis , which can reflect human adaptive immunity with more physiologically relevant aspects. We discuss how immune organoids are established from patient-derived lymphoid tissues, as well as their characteristics and functional features to understand immune mechanisms and responses. Also, some bioengineering perspectives are considered for any potential progress of immuno-engineered organoids.
动物模型已被广泛用作包括免疫学研究在内的各种生物学研究的金标准。尽管动物模型易于获取且操作程序简便,但由于种间遗传和微环境差异,它们无法充分代表人类复杂的相互作用和独特的细胞特性,这已导致临床阶段的失败。类器官技术因其能提供关于小型化器官的组织结构和功能的深入见解而备受关注。在这篇综述中,我们描述了类器官系统的使用,以克服基于动物的研究中的局限性,例如与人类的生理不匹配、成本高、耗时以及低通量筛选。免疫类器官是器官发生中的特定进展之一,它可以在更多生理相关方面反映人类适应性免疫。我们讨论了如何从患者来源的淋巴组织建立免疫类器官,以及它们的特征和功能特性,以了解免疫机制和反应。此外,还考虑了一些生物工程观点,以探讨免疫工程化类器官的任何潜在进展。
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