Kim Nari, Yun Hyeri, Lee Hojin, Yoo Joo-Yeon
Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Exp Mol Med. 2024 Nov;56(11):2357-2364. doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01337-5. Epub 2024 Nov 1.
Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a key mechanism for organizing cellular spaces independent of membranes. Biomolecular condensates, which assemble through LLPS, exhibit distinctive liquid droplet-like behavior and can exchange constituents with their surroundings. The regulation of condensate phases, including transitions from a liquid state to gel or irreversible aggregates, is important for their physiological functions and for controlling pathological progression, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While early studies on biomolecular condensates focused primarily on those in fluidic environments such as the cytosol, recent discoveries have revealed their existence in close proximity to, on, or even comprising membranes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the properties of membrane-associated condensates in a cellular context and their biological functions in relation to membranes.
液-液相分离（LLPS）已成为一种独立于膜来组织细胞空间的关键机制。通过LLPS组装而成的生物分子凝聚物表现出独特的液滴状行为，并且可以与周围环境交换成分。凝聚物相的调节，包括从液态到凝胶态或不可逆聚集体的转变，对于其生理功能以及控制病理进展很重要，如在神经退行性疾病和癌症中所观察到的那样。虽然早期对生物分子凝聚物的研究主要集中在诸如细胞质溶胶等流体环境中的凝聚物，但最近的发现揭示了它们存在于靠近膜、在膜上甚至由膜组成的区域。本综述的目的是概述细胞环境中与膜相关的凝聚物的特性及其与膜相关的生物学功能。
