Hou Mengyan, Leng Chunyan, Zhu Jun, Yang Mingshu, Yin Yifei, Xing Yongmei, Chen Juan
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi, 830002, People's Republic of China.
Environ Microbiome. 2024 Nov 1;19(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s40793-024-00614-0.
With global climate change, ecosystems are affected, some of which are more vulnerable than others, such as alpine ecosystems. Microbes play an important role in environmental change in global ecosystems. Plants and microbes are tightly associated, and symbiotic or commensal microorganisms are crucial for plants to respond to stress, particularly for alpine plants. The current study of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome only stays at the community structure scale, but its ecological function and mechanism to help plants to adapt to the harsh environments have not received enough attention. Therefore, it is essential to systematically understand the structure, functions and mechanisms of the microbial community of alpine and subalpine plants, which will be helpful for the conservation of alpine and subalpine plants using synthetic microbial communities in the future. This review mainly summarizes the research progress of the alpine plant microbiome and its mediating mechanism of plant cold adaptation from the following three perspectives: (1) Microbiome community structure and their unique taxa of alpine and subalpine plants; (2) The role of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome in plant adaptation to cold stress; (3) Mechanisms by which the microbiome of alpine and subalpine plants promotes plant adaptation to low-temperature environments. Finally, we also discussed the future application of high-throughput technologies in the development of microbial communities for alpine and subalpine plants. The existing knowledge could improve our understanding of the important role of microbes in plant adaptation to harsh environments. In addition, perspective further studies on microbes' function confirmation and microbial manipulations in microbiome engineering were also discussed.
随着全球气候变化，生态系统受到影响，其中一些生态系统比其他生态系统更脆弱，比如高山生态系统。微生物在全球生态系统的环境变化中发挥着重要作用。植物与微生物紧密相连，共生或共栖微生物对于植物应对胁迫至关重要，尤其是对高山植物而言。目前对高山和亚高山植物微生物组的研究仅停留在群落结构层面，但其帮助植物适应恶劣环境的生态功能及机制尚未得到足够关注。因此，系统了解高山和亚高山植物微生物群落的结构、功能及机制至关重要，这将有助于未来利用合成微生物群落保护高山和亚高山植物。本综述主要从以下三个方面总结高山植物微生物组及其介导植物冷适应的机制的研究进展：（1）高山和亚高山植物微生物组群落结构及其独特分类群；（2）高山和亚高山植物微生物组在植物适应冷胁迫中的作用；（3）高山和亚高山植物微生物组促进植物适应低温环境的机制。最后，我们还讨论了高通量技术在开发高山和亚高山植物微生物群落方面的未来应用。现有知识可以增进我们对微生物在植物适应恶劣环境中重要作用的理解。此外，还讨论了微生物功能验证和微生物组工程中微生物操作的进一步研究前景。
