Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 2;14(1):26441. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75669-7.
Different Streptococcal species including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Enterococcus faecalis are commonly isolated in root canal infections including refractory, recurrent, and persistent cases. Calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament. However, using new antimicrobial herbal alternatives offers promising potentials which can be additionally enhanced by using nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and antibiofilm effect of Neem oil including its NPs preparations and we compare the effect of conventional Ca (OH) to Ca (OH) NPs using standard disc diffusion method and quantitative microtitre dish biofilm formation assay against common pathogens isolated from root canal samples. Molecular docking was used to test the binding of 10 Streptococcal macromolecules to 5 candidate neem active constituents. Neem NPs 0.125 mg/ml showed better antibacterial effect than both Neem 15 mg/ml and Neem 0.15 mg/ml. Ca (OH) NPs 0.125 mg/ml also showed better antibacterial effect than each of Ca (OH) 10 mg/ml and Ca (OH) 0.1 mg/ml. Best biofilm mass inhibition was achieved by Neem oil 0.15 mg/ml at 74.55% ( IQ: 67.36-87.65) and Neem NPs 0.0125 mg/ml at 59.33% (IQ: 51--75.27). For Ca (OH), the best biofilm mass inhibition was observed with Ca (OH) NPs 0.125 mg/ml at 54.7% (IQ: 42.37- 77.25). Both neem oil and neem NPs show promising antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against Mutans Streptococci group at low concentrations and hence are good candidates for use as endodontic medications. In silico analysis shows that both Sitosterol and Gedunin appear to be important active constituents of neem and possible drug candidates. Additionally, Ca (OH) NPs showed significantly higher antimicrobial effect against Mutans streptococci group than conventional Ca (OH) preparations.
不同的链球菌属物种，包括变形链球菌、远缘链球菌和粪肠球菌，通常在根管感染中分离出来，包括难治性、复发性和持续性感染。氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）作为根管内药物已广泛应用于牙髓学。然而，使用新的抗菌草药替代品具有很大的潜力，通过使用纳米颗粒（NPs）可以进一步增强这些潜力。在这项研究中，我们评估了包括其纳米制剂在内的印楝油的抗菌效果和抗生物膜作用，并使用标准圆盘扩散法和定量微量培养皿生物膜形成测定法，将其与传统的 Ca(OH)2 进行比较，以评估其对从根管样本中分离出的常见病原体的效果。分子对接用于测试 10 种链球菌大分子与 5 种候选印楝活性成分的结合。0.125mg/ml 的印楝纳米颗粒显示出比 15mg/ml 和 0.15mg/ml 的印楝油更好的抗菌效果。0.125mg/ml 的 Ca(OH)2 NPs 也显示出比 10mg/ml 和 0.1mg/ml 的 Ca(OH)2 更好的抗菌效果。印楝油 0.15mg/ml 达到最佳生物膜质量抑制率为 74.55%（IQ：67.36-87.65），印楝纳米颗粒 0.0125mg/ml 达到最佳生物膜质量抑制率为 59.33%（IQ：51-75.27）。对于 Ca(OH)2，最佳生物膜质量抑制率为 0.125mg/ml 的 Ca(OH)2 NPs，为 54.7%（IQ：42.37-77.25）。印楝油和印楝纳米颗粒在低浓度下均显示出对变形链球菌组有良好的抗菌和抗生物膜潜力，因此是作为牙髓药物的良好候选物。计算机模拟分析表明，豆甾醇和甘德宁似乎是印楝的重要活性成分，也是潜在的药物候选物。此外，与传统的 Ca(OH)2 制剂相比，Ca(OH)2 NPs 对变形链球菌组表现出更高的抗菌效果。
