Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana.
Biomed Res Int. 2024 Oct 30;2024:9692656. doi: 10.1155/2024/9692656. eCollection 2024.
Delile (VAD), also known as bitter leaf, is widely utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including cancer. The presence of bioactive compounds in VAD is believed to be responsible for its characteristic bitterness. In Ghana, it is a common practice to mitigate the bitterness of VAD by combining it with (Christm.) Swingle (lime) juice extracts, although this method lacks scientific evidence and documentation. Therefore, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of VAD and lime juice extracts (V5) and their combined effects were evaluated in vitro. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects of VAD extracts were determined against Jurkat, MCF-7, HepG2, and PNT2 cells using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to quantify antioxidant activity and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cytotoxicity. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 8.0. Linear regression was employed to determine the correlation between the concentration and the percentage of antioxidant activity, while values were calculated using Student's -test. The laboratory analysis focused on the extracts V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5. Briefly, V1 and V2 contained equal amounts of saponins and terpenoids. Among these, V2 exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity, as indicated by an EC50 value of 2.14 ± 0.06 mg/mL. V2 also demonstrated cytotoxicity against the MCF-7, HepG2, Jurkat, and PNT2 cell lines. On the other hand, V3 and V4 did not show any cytotoxic effects across all tested cell lines. In contrast, V5 was toxic to HepG2 and MCF-7 cells but had no cytotoxic effect on Jurkat cell lines. V2 exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity (0-1000 g/mL), with the strongest inhibition observed against Jurkat cells (IC50 value = 96.341 g/mL) and a selective index of 3.567. The difference in activity between the extracts from different parts of the plant and the extract combined with lime juice was significant ( < 0.05), indicating a synergistic effect of the phytochemicals in both VAD and lime juice. V2 and V5 demonstrated a remarkable antioxidant property, and they are effective in inhibiting cancer cell lines, respectively.
德利勒（VAD），也被称为苦叶，在传统医学中被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，包括癌症。VAD 中存在的生物活性化合物被认为是其特征苦味的原因。在加纳，将 VAD 与（Christm.）Swingle（酸橙）汁提取物混合以减轻其苦味是一种常见做法，尽管这种方法缺乏科学证据和记录。因此，评估了 VAD 和酸橙汁提取物（V5）的抗氧化和抗癌活性及其联合效应的体外。 使用 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）测定法测定 VAD 提取物的抗氧化活性和对 Jurkat、MCF-7、HepG2 和 PNT2 细胞的细胞毒性，以定量抗氧化活性和 3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴盐（MTT）测定法评估细胞毒性。使用 Microsoft Excel 和 GraphPad Prism 8.0 对数据进行统计分析。 线性回归用于确定浓度与抗氧化活性百分比之间的相关性，而 值使用 Student's -test 计算。 实验室分析集中在提取物 V1、V2、V3、V4 和 V5 上。 简要地说，V1 和 V2 含有等量的皂苷和萜类化合物。 其中，V2 表现出最高的自由基清除活性，其 EC50 值为 2.14±0.06 mg/mL。 V2 还对 MCF-7、HepG2、Jurkat 和 PNT2 细胞系具有细胞毒性。 另一方面，V3 和 V4 对所有测试的细胞系均无细胞毒性作用。 相反，V5 对 HepG2 和 MCF-7 细胞有毒，但对 Jurkat 细胞系没有细胞毒性。 V2 表现出剂量依赖性的细胞毒性（0-1000 g/mL），对 Jurkat 细胞的抑制作用最强（IC50 值= 96.341 g/mL），选择性指数为 3.567。 植物不同部位提取物与与酸橙汁混合的提取物之间的活性差异具有统计学意义（ < 0.05），表明 VAD 和酸橙汁中的植物化学物质具有协同作用。 V2 和 V5 分别表现出显著的抗氧化特性，并且能够有效抑制癌细胞系。
