Smout Michael J, Laha Thewarach, Chaiyadet Sujittra, Brindley Paul J, Loukas Alex
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Trends Parasitol. 2024 Dec;40(12):1183-1196. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.012. Epub 2024 Nov 8.
Liver fluke infection is a major risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It has been established that the Asian liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini secrete growth factors, digestive enzymes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) which contribute to abnormal cell development in the bile ducts where the worms reside. These secretions - combined with aberrant inflammation and repeated cycles of chronic wounding at the site of parasite attachment and grazing on the epithelium - promote biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis and ultimately malignant transformation. Application of post-genomic and gene-editing tools to the study of liver fluke immunobiology and pathogenesis has accelerated the discovery of essential virulence factors to which targeted therapies and diagnostics can be directed.
肝吸虫感染是胆管癌（CCA）的主要风险因素。已经确定，亚洲肝吸虫华支睾吸虫和麝猫后睾吸虫会分泌生长因子、消化酶和细胞外囊泡（EVs），这些物质会导致寄生虫寄生的胆管内细胞异常发育。这些分泌物，再加上寄生虫附着和在上皮细胞上啃食部位的异常炎症和慢性损伤的反复循环，会促进胆管增生和纤维化，最终导致恶性转化。将后基因组和基因编辑工具应用于肝吸虫免疫生物学和发病机制的研究，加速了对关键毒力因子的发现，从而可以针对这些因子进行靶向治疗和诊断。
