Bioactive secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes, and , associated with and : an study.

Two pure fungal strains were isolated and identified from and , namely, (OR673586) and (OR673589), respectively. The extract and fractions of secondary metabolites of each fungus were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities. The chloroform fraction of showed potent cytotoxic activity (IC = 7.695 μg mL) against Hep-G2 cell line, alongside moderate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. On the other hand, the chloroform fraction showed potent antioxidant (DPPH IC = 5.649 μg mL) and antidiabetic activities (IC = 14.91 μg mL) against inhibition of α-glucosidase, in addition to moderate cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Guided cytotoxic fractionation leads to identifying bioactive compounds using hyphenated techniques. LC-MS identified fourteen compounds for and thirteen compounds for . Three known compounds, mevalolactone (1), glycerol monolinoleate (3), and ergosterol (7) in addition to one new compound, barcelonyl acetate (2), were isolated from On the other hand, four known compounds, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), secalonic acid D (5), altersolanol A (6), and ergosterol (7), were isolated from . Altersolanol A (6) and secalonic acid D (7) exhibited outstanding cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 and Caco-2 cell lines, with IC values ranging from 0.00038 to 0.208 μM. study findings showed altersolanol A (6), 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), glycerol monolinoleate (3), and barcelonyl acetate (2) displayed significant potential but may benefit from further optimization as lead for developing potent c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2, PDB: 3NPC) inhibitors, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies targeting cancer therapy.