Zoonotic Research Unite, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Open Vet J. 2024 Sep;14(9):2215-2223. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.9. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
spp. are widely distributed in nature and can cause nosocomial, skin infections, and foodborne illness, and it may lead to severe financial losses in birds by causing systemic infection in numerous organs.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of spp. in humans and birds in Baghdad city.
Seventy-six oral cavity swabs were collected, including 41 from birds and 35 from breeders. All samples were examined by bacteriological methods and identified by using the VITEK technique, the samples were then further studied to test the ability of biofilm formation, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) factors and MAR index were tested with the use of seven antibiotics.
Among the 76 oral swabs, 37 samples were positive (48.68%) for spp.: 7 human samples (20%) and 30 bird samples (73.17%). In humans, was the most prevalent (42.85%) followed by (28.57%), and were at (14.29%) to each. In birds, , , , spp, and were detected in 36.67%, 16.67%, 10%, 10%, 13.33%, 3.33% and 3.33%, respectively. isolates from the human samples demonstrated that only was resistant 33.33% to ME, OX, and SXT. Furthermore, one of them was MDR and high MAR index value. The antimicrobial pattern of spp. isolated from birds was as follows isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to CN, CIP, SXT, and MDR (100%) and high MAR indices value; was resistant 100% against ME, CN, SXT, and Do and it was MDR with high MAR index; was resistant 25% against ME, OX, C, and SXT, whereas, was resistant 33.33% against ME and OX. The results demonstrated that biofilm formation of the spp. isolated from human samples were weak biofilm formers: , and , while other (50%) was moderate. In birds, the majority of the isolates had non-biofilm-producing capabilities, while 80% of and 100% of showed moderate biofilm formation.
Healthcare problem was observed in this study due to high MDR and MAR index among spp. isolated from pet birds to their owners and vice versa.
spp.广泛分布于自然界中，可引起医院感染、皮肤感染和食源性疾病，还可能导致禽类全身感染，从而造成严重的经济损失。
本研究旨在确定 spp.在巴格达市人群和禽类中的流行情况。
采集 76 份口腔拭子，其中 41 份来自禽类，35 份来自禽类饲养者。所有样本均通过细菌学方法进行检查，并采用 VITEK 技术进行鉴定。然后进一步研究样本的生物膜形成能力，使用七种抗生素检测多药耐药（MDR）因子和 MAR 指数。
在 76 份口腔拭子中，有 37 份（48.68%）为 spp.阳性：7 份人类样本（20%）和 30 份禽类样本（73.17%）。在人类中，最常见的是 （42.85%），其次是 （28.57%）和 （14.29%）。在禽类中，36.67%检测到 ，16.67%检测到 ，10%检测到 ，10%检测到 ，13.33%检测到 ，3.33%检测到 ，3.33%检测到 。从人类样本中分离出的 菌株仅对 ME、OX 和 SXT 表现出 33.33%的耐药性。此外，其中一株为 MDR，MAR 指数值较高。从禽类中分离出的 spp.的抗菌模式如下： 菌株对 CN、CIP、SXT 和 MDR（100%）表现出 100%的耐药性，MAR 指数值较高； 对 ME、CN、SXT 和 Do 表现出 100%的耐药性，且为 MDR，MAR 指数值较高； 对 ME、OX、C 和 SXT 的耐药率为 25%，而 对 ME 和 OX 的耐药率为 33.33%。结果表明，从人类样本中分离出的 spp.的生物膜形成能力较弱： 、 、 ，而其他 （50%）为中度生物膜形成。在禽类中，大多数分离株无生物膜形成能力，而 80%的 和 100%的 表现出中度生物膜形成。
本研究中从宠物鸟及其主人身上分离出的 spp.表现出较高的 MDR 和 MAR 指数，提示存在医疗保健问题。
