Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Species from Chicken, Chicken Litter, and Humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND

In veterinary medicine, three species are of particular importance as primary causes of specific diseases; (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis, and bumble foot in poultry), (porcine exudative epidermitis), and (canine pyoderma). The disease conditions caused by in poultry vary with site, route, and predisposing factors include wounds as a result of fighting/cannibalism, immunosuppression based on virus infection or parasite infestation, and bad husbandry conditions (overcrowding). The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify spp from chicken and chicken litter and personnel at chicken farm and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on apparently healthy chickens, farm personnel, and chicken litter at poultry farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 222 samples consisting of 101 cloacal swabs, 90 tracheal swabs, 17 pooled litter swabs, 7 nasal swabs, and 7 pooled hand and boot swabs were collected from six farms and examined for the presence of species. Antimicrobial resistance against 10 antimicrobial agents was also conducted following recommended standard procedures.

RESULTS

Overall proportion of was 64/222 (28.83%). Of the isolates, 40/64 (62.5%), 11/64 (17.2%), 3/64 (4.7%), and 10/64 (15.6%), were , , , and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), respectively. Only one isolate of was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Of the 10 antibiotics tested, the isolates demonstrated highest resistance against Penicillin G (96.9%) followed by Tetracycline (78.1%), and Amoxicillin and Erythromycin at the same level (65.6%). Conversely, the isolates were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (95.3%) followed by Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (85.9%). Out of 64 isolates, 61/64 (95.3%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials tested. Of the isolates, 38/40 (95%) 10/11 (90.9%) , 3/3 (100%) , and 10/10 (100%) CNS showed multidrug resistance.

CONCLUSION

This study showed a considerable proportion of spp in chicken litter and farm workers with a potential source of resistant species, and more importantly multidrug resistance strains. Further studies on molecular characterization of the isolates will be essential to identify the resistant genes and establish epidemiological links in the transmission dynamics of resistant species between poultry and humans.