Ahmad Ilyas, Chen Chi, Younas Zohaib, Yousaf Tayyaba, Mashwani Zia-Ur-Rehman
Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 5;15:1431877. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1431877. eCollection 2024.
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and the triacylglycerol profile of sesame ( L.). The green synthesis of SeNPs was achieved using garlic extract, resulting in spherical nanoparticles with an average size range of 70-75 nm. Three SeNP treatments (T3, 30 ppm; T4, 40 ppm; and T5, 50 ppm) were applied through seed and foliar spray on six sesame varieties (V1, TS-5; V2, TH-6; V3, Til-18; V4, Niab Millennium; V5, Niab Pearl; and V6, NS-16). All enzymatic antioxidant parameters showed an increase in the treated groups, such as SOD (74.4% in V1 at T4), POD (43% in V5 at T5), APX (62% in V1 at T3), and GPX (31.56% in V3 at T4). CAT showed the highest percentage improvement in T5 for V1, V2, V4, and V5, while V3 and V4 exhibited the highest values at T4. Likewise, seed antioxidant parameters also showed increase in antioxidant activity, highest total phenolic content (6.06 mg GAE/g) was found at T5 treatment with percent increase of 27.41%, but the highest percent increase was found to be at T4 treatments in V1 with increase of 46.83%. Percent oil yield was also noted to be higher as highest percent (60%) oil yield was obtained at T4 treatment in V3. Ultra High Performance Mass-Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis and chemometric modeling suggested a total of 10 triacylglycerol (TG) biomarkers separating untreated groups, with higher relative abundance values at T4 and T5 treatments compared to control. PCA and correlation analysis showed clustering of untreated groups from T4 and T5, which suggests that these two treatments result in higher accumulation of oil. A generalized linear model with ANOVA showed a highly significant impact of treatments on all the growth and oil parameters, with significance involvement of varieties. The interaction between variety and treatment showed no significant effect on the growth and oil biomarkers of sesame. However, it can be concluded that the T4 and T5 treatments (40 ppm and 50 ppm) of SeNPs, applied through seed and foliar methods, have a strong influence on the overall growth and oil yield of sesame. This warrants further transcriptomic and molecular analysis to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of SeNPs.
本研究旨在探讨植物介导的硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）对芝麻（Sesamum indicum L.）生长、光合色素、抗氧化活性和三酰甘油谱的影响。利用大蒜提取物实现了SeNPs的绿色合成，得到了平均粒径范围为70 - 75 nm的球形纳米颗粒。通过种子处理和叶面喷施，对六个芝麻品种（V1，TS - 5；V2，TH - 6；V3，Til - 18；V4，Niab Millennium；V5，Niab Pearl；V6，NS - 16）进行了三种SeNP处理（T3，30 ppm；T4，40 ppm；T5，50 ppm）。所有酶促抗氧化参数在处理组中均有所增加，如超氧化物歧化酶（T4处理时V1品种中增加74.4%）、过氧化物酶（T5处理时V5品种中增加43%）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（T3处理时V1品种中增加62%）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（T4处理时V3品种中增加31.56%）。过氧化氢酶在V1、V2、V4和V5品种的T5处理中提高百分比最高，而V3和V4在T4处理时表现出最高值。同样，种子抗氧化参数也显示抗氧化活性增加，T5处理时总酚含量最高（6.06 mg没食子酸当量/g），增加百分比为27.41%，但V1品种在T4处理时增加百分比最高，为46.83%。油产量百分比也较高，V3品种在T4处理时获得最高百分比（60%）的油产量。超高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用（UHPLC - MS）分析和化学计量学建模表明，共有10种三酰甘油（TG）生物标志物可区分未处理组，与对照组相比，T4和T5处理时相对丰度值更高。主成分分析（PCA）和相关性分析显示未处理组与T4和T5处理组聚类，这表明这两种处理导致油的积累更高。方差分析的广义线性模型显示，处理对所有生长和油参数均有极显著影响，品种也有显著作用。品种与处理之间的相互作用对芝麻的生长和油生物标志物无显著影响。然而，可以得出结论，通过种子和叶面方法施用的SeNPs的T4和T5处理（40 ppm和50 ppm）对芝麻的整体生长和油产量有很大影响。这需要进一步的转录组学和分子分析，以更深入地了解SeNPs的作用机制。
