纳米技术——提高作物产量的新方法。

Chand Mali Suresh, Raj Shani, Trivedi Rohini

Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India.

Biochem Biophys Rep. 2020 Sep 25;24:100821. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100821. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Nanobiotechnology provides novel set of tools to manipulate and enhance crop production using nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules. Nanomaterials provide a platform to deliver agrochemicals and various macromolecules needed for plant growth enhancement and resistance to stresses. Smart delivery of agrochemicals increases the yield by optimizing water and nutrient conditions. Another added advantage is controlled release and site-directed delivery of agrochemicals. Further enhancement in quality and quantity in agriculture can be achieved by nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation and delivery of macromolecules that induces gene expression in plants. Various types of nanomaterials have been tested so far and the results have been promising in terms of productivity and quality enhancement.

纳米生物技术提供了一系列新颖的工具，可利用纳米颗粒、纳米纤维、纳米乳液和纳米胶囊来操纵和提高作物产量。纳米材料提供了一个平台，用于递送农用化学品以及植物生长增强和抗逆所需的各种大分子。农用化学品的智能递送通过优化水和养分条件来提高产量。另一个额外的优势是农用化学品的控释和定点递送。通过纳米颗粒介导的基因转化和递送可诱导植物基因表达的大分子，可进一步提高农业的质量和产量。到目前为止，已经测试了各种类型的纳米材料，其结果在提高生产力和质量方面很有前景。