Florido Antonio, Curtis Vincent R, Pégard Nicolas C, Rodriguez-Romaguera Jose
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2025;73:3-32. doi: 10.1007/7854_2024_539.
Anxiety disorders are prevalent and debilitating conditions characterized by excessive concern and fear, affecting thoughts, behaviors, and sensations. A critical component of anxiety is arousal, a complex process involving alertness regulation and stimulus salience modulation. While arousal is adaptive in normal circumstances, dysregulation can lead to hypoarousal or hyperarousal, affecting response selection and threat perception. This chapter reviews challenges in studying arousal in preclinical anxiety models, emphasizing the need for multicomponent measurement and analysis. Novel methodologies integrating physiological measurement with activity tracking of neurons with single-cell resolution in awake animals are discussed, with emphasis in current challenges. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments for anxiety disorders.
焦虑症是普遍且使人衰弱的病症，其特征为过度担忧和恐惧，会影响思维、行为和感觉。焦虑的一个关键组成部分是唤醒，这是一个涉及警觉性调节和刺激显著性调节的复杂过程。虽然唤醒在正常情况下具有适应性，但调节异常会导致唤醒不足或唤醒过度，从而影响反应选择和威胁感知。本章回顾了临床前焦虑模型中研究唤醒的挑战，强调了多组分测量和分析的必要性。讨论了将生理测量与清醒动物中具有单细胞分辨率的神经元活动追踪相结合的新方法，并重点关注当前的挑战。了解这些机制对于开发焦虑症的有效治疗方法至关重要。
