教练与运动员的关系、自信心和心理健康：感知到的和获得的教练支持的作用。
Coach-athlete relationships, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing: The role of perceived and received coach support.
作者信息
Coussens Adam H, Stone Max J, Donachie Tracy C
机构信息
Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, School of Psychology, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
出版信息
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jan;25(1):e12226. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12226. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
Coaches are recognized as key support providers, although there is limited understanding of how coach support relates to athletes' self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. This study examined relationships among perceived coach support, received coach support, coach-athlete relationship, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing. A further aim was to identify mechanisms through which coach-athlete relationship influences self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. A total of 537 athletes (Mage = 21.83 and SD = 3.67) from a range of sports completed measures of perceived coach support, received coach support, coach-athlete relationship, self-confidence, and psychological wellbeing. Mediation analysis revealed a significant direct effect of coach-athlete relationship on perceived coach support (b = 1.44 and p = 0.04) and received coach support on psychological wellbeing (b = 1.94 and p = <0.05). Coach-athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on psychological wellbeing via received coach support (ab = 0.82 and 95% CI [0.40 and 1.26*]) but not perceived coach support. In contrast, coach-athlete relationship was associated with a significant indirect effect on self-confidence via perceived coach support (ab = 0.16 and 95% CI [0.10 and 0.22*]) but not received coach support. These findings demonstrate the significant role perceived coach support and received coach support plays in potentially explaining the relationship between the coach-athlete relationship with self-confidence and psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the results highlight that different forms of social support uniquely mediate the relationship among the coach-athlete relationship, confidence, and wellbeing. These results have implications for coaching practices, as coaches can use their relationships with athletes to provide optimal support and thereby enhance the athletes' self-confidence and wellbeing.
教练被认为是关键的支持提供者，尽管对于教练的支持如何与运动员的自信和心理健康相关联，人们的了解有限。本研究考察了感知到的教练支持、实际获得的教练支持、教练 - 运动员关系、自信和心理健康之间的关系。另一个目标是确定教练 - 运动员关系影响自信和心理健康的机制。来自一系列运动项目的537名运动员（年龄中位数Mage = 21.83，标准差SD = 3.67）完成了关于感知到的教练支持、实际获得的教练支持、教练 - 运动员关系、自信和心理健康的测量。中介分析显示，教练 - 运动员关系对感知到的教练支持有显著的直接效应（b = 1.44，p = 0.04），实际获得的教练支持对心理健康有显著的直接效应（b = 1.94，p < 0.05）。教练 - 运动员关系通过实际获得的教练支持对心理健康有显著的间接效应（ab = 0.82，95%置信区间[0.40和1.26*]），但对感知到的教练支持没有。相比之下，教练 - 运动员关系通过感知到的教练支持对自信有显著的间接效应（ab = 0.16，95%置信区间[0.10和0.22*]），但对实际获得的教练支持没有。这些发现表明，感知到的教练支持和实际获得的教练支持在潜在解释教练 - 运动员关系与自信和心理健康之间的关系中发挥了重要作用。此外，结果突出表明，不同形式的社会支持独特地介导了教练 - 运动员关系、自信和幸福感之间的关系。这些结果对教练实践具有启示意义，因为教练可以利用他们与运动员的关系提供最佳支持，从而增强运动员的自信和幸福感。
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