Nunkoo Vharoon Sharma, Cristian Alexander, Jurcau Anamaria, Diaconu Razvan Gabriel, Jurcau Maria Carolina
Neurology Ward, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Bihor, 410169 Oradea, Romania.
Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 7;12(11):2540. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112540.
The impressive achievements made in the last century in extending the lifespan have led to a significant growth rate of elderly individuals in populations across the world and an exponential increase in the incidence of age-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, geroscientists have identified 12 hallmarks of aging (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, impaired macroautophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, defective intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis), intricately linked among each other, which can be targeted with senolytic or senomorphic drugs, as well as with more aggressive approaches such as cell-based therapies. To date, side effects seriously limit the use of these drugs. However, since rejuvenation is a dream of mankind, future research is expected to improve the tolerability of the available drugs and highlight novel strategies. In the meantime, the medical community, healthcare providers, and society should decide when to start these treatments and how to tailor them individually.
上个世纪在延长寿命方面取得的令人瞩目的成就，导致全球人口中老年个体的增长率显著提高，以及与年龄相关疾病（如心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和神经退行性疾病）的发病率呈指数级增长。迄今为止，老年科学家已经确定了12个衰老标志（基因组不稳定、端粒磨损、表观遗传改变、蛋白质稳态丧失、巨自噬受损、线粒体功能障碍、营养感应受损、细胞衰老、干细胞耗竭、细胞间通讯缺陷、慢性炎症和肠道菌群失调），它们相互之间错综复杂地联系在一起，可以用衰老细胞溶解或衰老细胞形态调节药物，以及更激进的方法（如基于细胞的疗法）来针对。迄今为止，副作用严重限制了这些药物的使用。然而，由于返老还童是人类的梦想，未来的研究有望提高现有药物的耐受性，并突出新的策略。与此同时，医学界、医疗保健提供者和社会应该决定何时开始这些治疗以及如何进行个性化定制。
