College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 30;14(1):29761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79806-0.
The giant panda (Ailuropioda melanoleuca), a unique relic species in China and a global biodiversity conservation symbol, faces the threat of canine distemper virus (CDV). Vaccinating domestic dogs in panda habitats against CDV is crucial, yet the associated risks remain understudied. We investigated the safety of CDV vaccination in 69 domestic dogs within panda habitats, employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for CDV antibodies and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for viral RNA, a marker of viral shedding. Results revealed that vaccinated dogs posed a risk through viral shedding, mainly starting from the ninth day post-vaccination. Unvaccinated dogs exhibited increased CDV antibodies and subsequent shedding, with phylogenetic analysis confirming infection from vaccinated dogs in shared kennels. Dogs with higher initial antibodies displayed reduced shedding and a markedly abbreviated shedding duration (6.7 days) than those with lower initial antibodies (9.8 days). Habitat area analysis revealed substantial overlaps between domestic dogs and wild giant pandas in two nature reserves in China. To safeguard wildlife, particularly giant pandas, we recommend restricting vaccinated dogs' activity for at least three weeks post-vaccination, complementing existing management practices. We advocate collaborative efforts among local authorities, reserve management and villagers for effective vaccination and post-vaccination management of domestic dogs.
大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是中国特有的珍稀物种，也是全球生物多样性保护的象征，面临犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的威胁。为大熊猫栖息地内的家犬接种犬瘟热疫苗至关重要，但相关风险仍研究不足。我们调查了 69 只生活在大熊猫栖息地内的家犬接种犬瘟热疫苗的安全性，采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测 CDV 抗体，采用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测病毒 RNA，这是病毒脱落的标志物。结果表明，接种疫苗的犬只通过病毒脱落构成风险，主要从接种后第 9 天开始。未接种疫苗的犬只表现出 CDV 抗体增加和随后的脱落，系统进化分析证实来自共同犬舍接种疫苗的犬只存在感染。与初始抗体水平较低的犬只（9.8 天）相比，初始抗体水平较高的犬只脱落量减少，脱落持续时间明显缩短（6.7 天）。栖息地面积分析显示，在中国的两个自然保护区内，家犬和野生大熊猫的活动范围有很大重叠。为了保护野生动物，特别是大熊猫，我们建议在接种疫苗后至少限制接种疫苗的犬只活动 3 周，作为现有管理措施的补充。我们倡导地方当局、保护区管理部门和村民之间的合作，以实现对家犬的有效接种和接种后的管理。
