Masanovic Bojan, Gardasevic Jovan, Marques Adilson, Peralta Miguel, Demetriou Yolanda, Sturm David Joseph, Popovic Stevo
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro.
Montenegrosport, Podgorica, Montenegro.
Front Pediatr. 2020 Dec 11;8:627529. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.627529. eCollection 2020.
This systematic review aimed to analyse the international evolution of fitness with its distributional changes in the performance on tests of physical fitness among school-aged children and adolescents. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the search was undertaken in four international databases (ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify the studies reporting temporal trends in the physical fitness among school-aged children and adolescents. A total of 485 potential articles were identified, of which 19 articles were relevant for the qualitative synthesis; 1,746,023 children and adolescents from 14 countries (China, Finland, Sweden, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Spain, Norway, Mozambique, Poland, USA, Lithuania, Portugal, Canada), for the period between 1969 and 2017 were included. The subjects were tested using 45 motor tests from eight battery tests. The quality of the study in eight articles was rated as strong, while in 11 articles it was rated as moderate. The vast majority of studies show a constant decline in strength and endurance. Three Chinese studies show an increase in strength from 1985 to 1995 and then a decline until 2014. For endurance, similar patterns were found in the two most comprehensive Chinese studies. The decline in flexibility is also evident in European countries. For agility, speed, balance, and coordination, the trend differs among populations.
本系统评价旨在分析体能在国际上的演变情况，及其在学龄儿童和青少年体能测试表现中的分布变化。根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，在四个国际数据库（教育资源信息中心、PubMed、Scopus和科学网）中进行检索，以确定报告学龄儿童和青少年体能随时间变化趋势的研究。共识别出485篇潜在文章，其中19篇文章与定性综合分析相关；纳入了来自14个国家（中国、芬兰、瑞典、比利时、新西兰、丹麦、西班牙、挪威、莫桑比克、波兰、美国、立陶宛、葡萄牙、加拿大）的1,746,023名儿童和青少年，时间跨度为1969年至2017年。使用来自八项成套测试中的45项运动测试对受试者进行测试。八篇文章的研究质量被评为强，而11篇文章的研究质量被评为中等。绝大多数研究表明力量和耐力持续下降。三项中国研究表明，1985年至1995年力量有所增加，然后到2014年呈下降趋势。对于耐力，两项最全面的中国研究发现了类似的模式。柔韧性下降在欧洲国家也很明显。对于敏捷性、速度、平衡和协调性，不同人群的趋势有所不同。
