Center for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Džona Džeksona bb, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro.
Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ulica 22, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 21;12(1):10495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14813-7.
Using the population-based data we aim to estimate the general population trends of multiple components of physical fitness of children, identify critical structural changes in these trends, and evaluate the potential changes in differences in the test scores between the children. During the entire study period, 1989-2019, median body mass index and triceps skinfold increased in both genders and all age groups. Muscular fitness, in general, showed negative trends, with some exceptions: during the post-2010 period, children were mostly experiencing the improvement of isometric strength of the upper body. The neuromuscular components of physical fitness showed positive trends, especially in girls. Cardiorespiratory fitness has been declining in all age groups until the last decade, with the largest decreases occurring before 2000. In the last decade, the trends reversed. The flexibility indicator revealed the largest differences between boys and girls, with boys mainly experiencing negative and girls mostly positive trends. The variability of the test scores mostly increased during the study period. This increasing variance suggests that-despite generally favourable trends in the last decade-children in Slovenia have been facing increasing inequalities in their development, which can potentially lead to future inequalities in health.
利用基于人群的数据，我们旨在估计儿童身体多个组成部分的身体素质的总体人群趋势，确定这些趋势中的关键结构变化，并评估儿童之间测试分数差异的潜在变化。在整个研究期间（1989-2019 年），男女和所有年龄组的中位数体重指数和三头肌皮褶厚度均增加。总体而言，肌肉力量呈现出负向趋势，但也有一些例外：在后 2010 年期间，儿童的上半身等长力量大多有所提高。身体活动能力的神经肌肉成分呈正向趋势，尤其是在女孩中。所有年龄组的心肺功能均呈下降趋势，直到最近十年，最大的下降发生在 2000 年之前。在过去十年中，趋势发生了逆转。柔韧性指标显示男孩和女孩之间的差异最大，男孩主要经历负向趋势，而女孩主要经历正向趋势。在研究期间，测试分数的变异性大多增加。这种增加的方差表明，尽管在过去十年中总体趋势良好，但斯洛文尼亚的儿童在发展方面面临着日益加剧的不平等，这可能导致未来健康方面的不平等。
