Yang Yuke, Gao Yan, Yi Xiangren, Hu Yining, Zhao Liangyu, Chen Lu, Sui Wenze, Zhang Shuoqin, Ma Sen
School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Nov 18;12:1502998. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1502998. eCollection 2024.
This study aims to explore the effects of physical activity on adolescents' social skills and antisocial behavior, as well as gender and only child status differences among Chinese adolescents.
We used longitudinal data, collecting baseline data for 2021-2022 and follow-up in 2022-2023. A total of 3,206 students were enrolled, including 1,510 males (Age ± SE: 13.62 ± 1.69) and 1,696 females (Age ± SE: 14.09 ± 1.85), 1,339 only children (Age ± SE: 13.76 ± 1.95), and 1,867 non-only children (Age ± SE: 13.95 ± 1.66). The fixed effects model was used to identify the effects of different types of physical activity on adolescent social behavior and the heterogeneity analysis.
(1) We found that skipping rope (β = 2.284, t = 5.76), walking (β = 3.495, t = 9.53), cycling (β = 1.271, t = 3.21), jogging (β = 2.614, t = 5.92), and badminton (β = 1.409, t = 2.96) had a positive impact on adolescents' social skills. Tag games (β = -1.615, t = -3.83), swimming (β = -2.862, t = -4.42), dancing (β = -1.11, t = -2.29), and skiing (β = -2.771, t = -3.27) had a negative impact on adolescents' social skills. Skipping rope (β = -1.596, t = -5.86), walking (β = -1.814, t = -7.44), cycling (β = -1.066, t = -4.07), and jogging (β = -1.617, t = -5.30) tended to reduce adolescents' antisocial behavior. Tag games (β = 1.685, t = 5.54), swimming (β = 0.947, t = 2.06), ice skating (β = 1.772, t = 2.71), and skiing (β = 1.468, t = 2.31) tended to increase adolescents' antisocial behavior. In addition, we found that these effects differ by gender and only child status. (2) Boys had significantly higher participation rates in activities. Only children had higher participation rates in skipping rope, baseball or softball, and volleyball, but non-only children had higher participation rates in walking, cycling, jogging, other aerobic exercises, and badminton. (3) Girls had higher social skills, but boys and only children had significantly higher rates of antisocial behavior.
Our results provide a novel understanding that can inform interventions and improvements in social behavior among Chinese adolescents. Stakeholders such as educators, policymakers, and health professionals can develop more tailored and effective strategies to promote positive social development among adolescents.
本研究旨在探讨体育活动对青少年社交技能和反社会行为的影响，以及中国青少年在性别和独生子女身份方面的差异。
我们使用了纵向数据，收集了2021 - 2022年的基线数据，并于2022 - 2023年进行了随访。共招募了3206名学生，其中包括1510名男性（年龄±标准误：13.62±1.69）和1696名女性（年龄±标准误：14.09±1.85），1339名独生子女（年龄±标准误：13.76±1.95），以及1867名非独生子女（年龄±标准误：13.95±1.66）。采用固定效应模型来确定不同类型体育活动对青少年社会行为的影响以及进行异质性分析。
（1）我们发现跳绳（β = 2.284，t = 5.76）、步行（β = 3.495，t = 9.53）、骑自行车（β = 1.271，t = 3.21）、慢跑（β = 2.614，t = 5.92）和羽毛球（β = 1.409，t = 2.96）对青少年的社交技能有积极影响。捉人游戏（β = -1.615，t = -3.83）、游泳（β = -2.862，t = -4.42）、跳舞（β = -1.11，t = -2.29）和滑雪（β = -2.771，t = -3.27）对青少年的社交技能有负面影响。跳绳（β = -1.596，t = -5.86）、步行（β = -1.814，t = -7.44）、骑自行车（β = -1.066，t = -4.07）和慢跑（β = -1.617，t = -5.30）倾向于减少青少年的反社会行为。捉人游戏（β = 1.685，t = 5.54）、游泳（β = 0.947，t = 2.06）、滑冰（β = 1.772，t = 2.71）和滑雪（β = 1.468，t = 2.31）倾向于增加青少年的反社会行为。此外，我们发现这些影响因性别和独生子女身份而异。（2）男孩参与活动的比例显著更高。独生子女在跳绳、棒球或垒球以及排球活动中的参与率较高，但非独生子女在步行、骑自行车、慢跑、其他有氧运动和羽毛球活动中的参与率较高。（3）女孩的社交技能较高，但男孩和独生子女的反社会行为发生率显著更高。
我们的研究结果提供了一种新的认识，可为中国青少年社会行为的干预和改善提供参考。教育工作者、政策制定者和健康专业人员等利益相关者可以制定更具针对性和有效的策略，以促进青少年积极的社会发展。
