Sorath Fnu, Shiwlani Sheena, Sindhu Fnu, Lohana Abhi C, Mohammed Yaqub Nadeem, Chander Subhash, Kumari Roopa
Anesthesia, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 6;16(11):e73161. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73161. eCollection 2024 Nov.
The availability of an effective vaccine does not equate to its use; its effectiveness primarily depends on vaccine acceptance by the targeted population. Despite the rapid development and widespread access to the COVID-19 vaccine, herd immunity is yet to be achieved, with vaccine hesitancy as a major barrier. This study sought to systematically assess the beliefs, attitudes, and acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines, including factors contributing to vaccination hesitancy in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. A comprehensive search of articles was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies published from inception to May 2023 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search yielded 1154, of which 21 were eligible for inclusion. The rate of willingness or intention to vaccinate varied with the geographic region, from 12% in the United States to 93.9% in China. Four studies from the Western region and two from the Eastern region reported a low acceptance rate (defined as <50%): United States (12%), Spain (48.3%), Switzerland (38.6%), Europe (multi-national, 31%), Nepal (38.3%), and Oman (43%). Overall, vaccine acceptance was low to moderate in the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in both Eastern and Western Hemispheres except for China which reported high acceptance (defined as >75%) among the general population and HCWs. Demographic characteristics (female, younger age, and higher education) and non-demographic factors (knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and its development, history of influenza vaccination, perceived susceptibility or severity of infection, and the belief that vaccines are effective in controlling the pandemic) were associated with high acceptance rates or intentions to take the COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, mistrust of the vaccine, its safety and effectiveness, disinformation or poor awareness of the vaccine, side effect concerns, belief in natural immunity, previous adverse experience with the vaccines, and distrust in the information sources about the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with vaccination hesitancy. For better acceptance, COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategies should be modeled based on regional political, economic, and social contexts.
有效的疫苗可供使用并不等同于其得到应用；其有效性主要取决于目标人群对疫苗的接受程度。尽管新冠疫苗迅速研发且广泛可得，但群体免疫尚未实现，疫苗犹豫是一个主要障碍。本研究旨在系统评估对新冠疫苗的信念、态度和接受情况，包括东半球和西半球导致疫苗犹豫的因素。使用系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，通过Scopus、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane CENTRAL和Web of Science数据库对从开始到2023年5月发表的研究进行了全面的文章检索。我们的检索得到1154篇文章，其中21篇符合纳入标准。接种意愿或意图率因地理区域而异，在美国为12%，在中国为93.9%。来自西部地区的四项研究和来自东部地区的两项研究报告了较低的接受率（定义为<50%）：美国（12%）（应为12%）、西班牙（48.3%）、瑞士（38.6%）、欧洲（多国，31%）、尼泊尔（38.3%）和阿曼（43%）。总体而言，除中国报告普通人群和医护人员的接受率较高（定义为>75%）外，东半球和西半球的普通人群和医护人员对疫苗的接受程度为低到中等。人口统计学特征（女性、较年轻年龄和较高教育程度）和非人口统计学因素（对新冠疫苗及其研发的了解、流感疫苗接种史、感知的易感性或感染严重性以及认为疫苗对控制疫情有效的信念）与较高的接受率或接种新冠疫苗的意图相关。另一方面，对疫苗的不信任、其安全性和有效性、错误信息或对疫苗的了解不足、对副作用的担忧、对自然免疫的信念、以前使用疫苗的不良经历以及对新冠疫情信息来源的不信任与疫苗犹豫相关。为了提高接受度，应根据地区政治、经济和社会背景制定新冠疫苗接种运动策略。
