Exploring Early Complications in Paraumbilical Hernia Mesh Repair: A Rigorous Six-Month Prospective Study and In-Depth Analysis.

Introduction When an organ, such as the colon, pushes through the wall of the abdominal cavity, a hernia results. After femoral and inguinal hernias, umbilical hernias account for the third most common kind of abdominal hernia in adults precipitated by conditions such as obesity, ascites, and repeated pregnancies. A subtype of umbilical hernias called paraumbilical hernias is more likely to cause problems such as rupture, skin ulceration, and obstruction. Seroma, hematoma, and infection are the reported post-repair consequences but data regarding early complications is limited. High-quality data assessing early complications is necessary to improve mesh repair outcomes. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery at Medical Teaching Institute (MTI) Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar over one year, from January to December 2022. A total of 167 patients were selected using simple random sequential selection. Patients aged 20-60 years of both genders who were diagnosed with paraumbilical hernia in the emergency department were included. To prevent bias, those with uncontrolled diabetes or existing complications from hernia were excluded. Following informed consent, data were gathered using pre-designed proformas. Patients underwent open mesh repair during each surgery, and they were monitored at one and three months following the procedure. Complications such as seroma, hematoma, and wound infection were documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) with chi-square tests for categorical variables and a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The study included a total of 167 patients, with a mean age of 42 years (SD ±8.77). The majority of patients (40%) ranged in age from 41 to 50 years old, with 33% aged 31 to 40. Gender distribution revealed that 63 (38%) of the patients were male and 104 (62%) were female. Early complications included 25 (15%) wound infections, 32 (19%) seromas, and 63 (38%) hematomas. The occurrence of wound infections, seromas, and hematomas did not differ significantly by age or gender (p > 0.05). Conclusion Early complications from paraumbilical hernia mesh repair include wound infections (15%), seromas (19%), and hematomas (38%). Postoperative monitoring is critical to reducing these complications.