Sanmartín Francisco J, Velasco Judith, Gálvez-Lara Mario, Cuadrado Fátima, Moriana Juan A
Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2024 Nov 26;15:1430926. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1430926. eCollection 2024.
Cognitive biases are associated with the beginning and maintenance of addictive behaviours. While these biases have been studied in gambling, they have yet to be thoroughly investigated in the context of loot boxes (LBs), largely because of the relatively recent emergence of this phenomenon. This study compared cognitive biases in problematic gamblers, non-problematic gamblers, LB purchasers, and free-LB openers. For this aim, 279 participants (63.1% males) with a mean age of 23.65 years ( = 8.66) completed a self-report. The results showed no differences between problematic gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers on illusion of control and predictive control. In contrast to LB openers, problematic gamblers and LB purchasers obtained statistically similar scores on interpretative biases, gambling-related expectancies and the total score of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Only problematic gamblers experienced a higher perceived inability to stop gambling. Moreover, problematic gamblers, LB purchasers and LB openers scored higher on all biases compared to non-problematic gamblers. Eighty-six participants simultaneously gambled and used LBs. When this overlap was controlled, problematic gamblers and loot boxers shared all cognitive biases but the perceived inability to stop gambling; and scored statistically higher than non-problematic gamblers in all cognitive biases except for the illusion of control. The study provides additional evidence of the relationship between gambling and LBs.
认知偏差与成瘾行为的起始和维持有关。虽然这些偏差已在赌博行为中得到研究，但在开箱（Loot Boxes，LBs）情境下尚未得到充分调查，这主要是因为这一现象相对较新才出现。本研究比较了问题赌徒、非问题赌徒、开箱购买者和免费开箱者的认知偏差。为此，279名参与者（63.1%为男性），平均年龄23.65岁（标准差=8.66）完成了一份自我报告。结果显示，问题赌徒、开箱购买者和开箱者在控制错觉和预测控制方面没有差异。与开箱者相比，问题赌徒和开箱购买者在解释性偏差、赌博相关预期以及赌博相关认知量表（GRCS）总分上获得了统计学上相似的分数。只有问题赌徒体验到更高的无法停止赌博的感知。此外，与非问题赌徒相比，问题赌徒、开箱购买者和开箱者在所有偏差上得分更高。八十六名参与者同时进行赌博和使用开箱。当这种重叠情况得到控制时，问题赌徒和开箱者除了无法停止赌博的感知外，共享所有认知偏差；并且在除控制错觉外的所有认知偏差上得分均显著高于非问题赌徒。该研究为赌博与开箱之间的关系提供了更多证据。
