Han Liuliu, Mu Wangzhong, Wei Shaolou, Liaw Peter K, Raabe Dierk
Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Engineering Materials, Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
Sci Adv. 2024 Dec 13;10(50):eads3926. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads3926. Epub 2024 Dec 11.
High-entropy materials (HEMs) show inspiring structural and functional properties due to their multi-elemental compositions. However, most HEMs are burdened by cost-, energy-, and carbon-intensive extraction, synthesis, and manufacturing protocols. Recycling and reusing HEMs are challenging because their design relies on high fractions of expensive and limited-supply elements in massive solid solutions. Therefore, we review the basic sustainability aspects of HEMs. Solutions include using feedstock with lower carbon and energy footprints, sustainable primary synthesis routes from minerals, attenuation of the equimolar alloying rule, and a preference for scrap and dumped waste for secondary and tertiary synthesis. The high solubility, compositional flexibility, and chemical robustness of HEMs offer pathways for using higher fractions of mixed and contaminated scrap and waste feedstocks, which are not admissible for synthesizing conventional materials. We also discuss thermodynamic and kinetic design strategies to reconcile good material properties with high impurity tolerance and variable compositions.
高熵材料（HEMs）由于其多元素组成而展现出令人鼓舞的结构和功能特性。然而，大多数高熵材料在提取、合成和制造过程中面临成本高、能源密集和碳密集的问题。回收和再利用高熵材料具有挑战性，因为它们的设计依赖于大量固溶体中高比例的昂贵且供应有限的元素。因此，我们回顾了高熵材料的基本可持续性方面。解决方案包括使用碳足迹和能源足迹较低的原料、从矿物中进行可持续的一次合成路线、减弱等摩尔合金化规则，以及优先选择废料和废弃材料用于二次和三次合成。高熵材料的高溶解度、成分灵活性和化学稳定性为使用更高比例的混合和受污染废料及废弃原料提供了途径，而这些原料是合成传统材料所不允许的。我们还讨论了热力学和动力学设计策略，以协调良好的材料性能与高杂质耐受性和可变成分之间的关系。
