Pavia Grazia, Branda Francesco, Ciccozzi Alessandra, Romano Chiara, Locci Chiara, Azzena Ilenia, Pascale Noemi, Marascio Nadia, Quirino Angela, Gigliotti Simona, Divenuto Francesca, Matera Giovanni, Giovanetti Marta, Casu Marco, Sanna Daria, Ceccarelli Giancarlo, Ciccozzi Massimo, Scarpa Fabio
Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro - "Renato Dulbecco" Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy.
Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Infect Dis (Lond). 2025 Feb;57(2):121-136. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2437027. Epub 2024 Dec 11.
Climate change significantly influences the distribution and severity of tropical diseases. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are transforming the habitats of vectors like mosquitoes and ticks, promoting their proliferation and geographic spread. These changes have facilitated the resurgence of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya fever in previously unaffected areas, including parts of Europe and Italy.
This review aims to explore the relationship between climate change and the spread of vector-borne and tropical parasitic diseases across Europe, with a particular focus on Italy. Recent studies are analyzed to identify emerging trends in disease transmission influenced by shifting climates. Genome-based monitoring and predictive models incorporating climatic and ecological data are highlighted as methods to enhance disease surveillance and preparedness.
The analysis reveals a clear link between climate change and altered disease patterns. The proliferation of vectors into new territories is associated with increased incidence of diseases. Genome-based tools demonstrate their utility in tracking the evolution of pathogens, particularly regarding changes in virulence, drug resistance, and adaptability to new climates. Predictive models have proven effective in anticipating outbreaks and supporting timely public health interventions.
To mitigate the risks posed by climate-induced changes in disease dynamics, continuous monitoring and international collaboration are essential. Strengthening health systems' resilience through mitigation and adaptation strategies is crucial for preventing future epidemics. These insights contribute to the development of sustainable long-term policies for managing tropical diseases in the context of climate change, ensuring timely responses to public health emergencies.
气候变化对热带疾病的分布和严重程度有重大影响。气温上升、降水模式改变和极端天气事件正在改变蚊子和蜱虫等病媒的栖息地，促进它们的繁殖和地理扩散。这些变化促使疟疾、登革热和基孔肯雅热等疾病在包括欧洲部分地区和意大利在内的以前未受影响的地区重新出现。
本综述旨在探讨气候变化与欧洲媒介传播和热带寄生虫病传播之间的关系，特别关注意大利。分析近期研究，以确定受气候变化影响的疾病传播新趋势。强调基于基因组的监测和纳入气候与生态数据的预测模型，将其作为加强疾病监测和防范的方法。
分析揭示了气候变化与疾病模式改变之间的明显联系。病媒向新地区的扩散与疾病发病率增加有关。基于基因组的工具证明了它们在追踪病原体进化方面的效用，特别是在毒力、耐药性和对新气候的适应性变化方面。预测模型已被证明在预测疫情和支持及时的公共卫生干预方面有效。
为减轻气候引起的疾病动态变化带来的风险，持续监测和国际合作至关重要。通过缓解和适应战略增强卫生系统的复原力对于预防未来的流行病至关重要。这些见解有助于制定在气候变化背景下管理热带疾病的可持续长期政策，确保对突发公共卫生事件做出及时反应。
