Freelin Anne, Wolfe Cody, Lega Bradley
Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2025 Jun;29(6):556-569. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.11.009. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
From an anatomical perspective, the concept that the anterior and posterior hippocampus fulfill distinct cognitive roles may seem unsurprising. When compared with the posterior hippocampus, the anterior region is proportionally larger, with visible expansion of the CA1 subfield and intimate continuity with adjacent medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures such as the uncus and amygdala. However, the functional relevance emerging from these anatomical differences remains to be established in humans. Drawing on both rodent and human data, several models of hippocampal longitudinal specialization have been proposed. For the brevity and clarity of this review, we focus on human electrophysiological evidence supporting and contravening these models with limited inclusion of noninvasive data. We then synthesize these data to propose a novel longitudinal model based on the amount of contextual information, drawing on previous conceptions described within the past decade.
从解剖学角度来看，海马体前后部发挥不同认知作用这一概念可能并不令人惊讶。与海马体后部相比，前部区域相对较大，CA1亚区明显扩张，且与相邻的内侧颞叶（MTL）结构如钩回和杏仁核紧密相连。然而，这些解剖学差异所产生的功能相关性在人类中仍有待确定。基于啮齿动物和人类的数据，已经提出了几种海马体纵向特化模型。为了使本综述简洁明了，我们重点关注支持和反驳这些模型的人类电生理证据，同时有限地纳入非侵入性数据。然后，我们综合这些数据，借鉴过去十年中描述的先前概念，基于情境信息量提出一种新的纵向模型。
