Qayyum Mubashir, Ahmad Efaza, Ali Mohamed R
Department of Sciences and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Faculty of Engineering, Benha National University, Obour Campus, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 9;10(14):e34160. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34160. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
Cancer develops through cells when mutations build up in different genes that control cell proliferation. To treat these abnormal cells and minimize their growth, various cancer tumor samples have been modeled and analyzed in literature. The current study is focused on the investigation of more generalized cancer tumor model in fractional environment, where net killing rate is taken into account in different domains. Three types of killing rates are considered in the current study including time and position dependent killing rates, and concentration of cells based killing rate. A hybrid mechanism is proposed in which different homotopies are used with perturbation technique and Laplace transform. This leads to a convenient algorithm to tackle all types of fractional derivatives efficiently. The convergence and error bounds of the proposed scheme are computed theoretically by proving related theorems. In the next phase, convergence and validity is analyzed numerically by calculating residual errors round the fractional domain. It is observed that computed errors are very less in the entire fractional domain. Moreover, comparative analysis of Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio (CF), and Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivatives is also performed graphically to discern the effect of different fractional approaches on the solution profile. Analysis asserts the reliability of proposed methodology in the matter of intricate fractional tumor models, and hence can be used to other complex physical phenomena.
癌症是在控制细胞增殖的不同基因中积累突变时通过细胞发展而来的。为了治疗这些异常细胞并使其生长最小化,文献中对各种癌症肿瘤样本进行了建模和分析。当前的研究集中在分数环境下更广义的癌症肿瘤模型的研究,其中在不同区域考虑了净杀伤率。当前研究考虑了三种类型的杀伤率,包括与时间和位置相关的杀伤率以及基于细胞浓度的杀伤率。提出了一种混合机制,其中使用不同的同伦与摄动技术和拉普拉斯变换相结合。这导致了一种方便的算法,可以有效地处理所有类型的分数阶导数。通过证明相关定理从理论上计算了所提出方案的收敛性和误差界。在下一阶段,通过计算分数域周围的残差误差对收敛性和有效性进行了数值分析。观察到在整个分数域中计算出的误差非常小。此外,还以图形方式对Caputo、Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)和Atangana-Baleanu(AB)分数阶导数进行了比较分析,以辨别不同分数阶方法对解曲线的影响。分析断言了所提出方法在复杂分数阶肿瘤模型问题上的可靠性,因此可用于其他复杂的物理现象。