Kerketta Rashmi, Shah Sonalee, Grihtlahare Himanta, Wasti Amit, Patel Swatantrata
Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Department of Oral Pathology, Rishiraj College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2024 Jul-Sep;28(3):393-398. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_75_24. Epub 2024 Oct 15.
Complete demineralization of hard tissues with preservation of organic components to retain their tissue architecture and to obtain thin section for histological examination is done by a process known as "decalcification". Tooth decalcification may be achieved by subjecting the tissue to a decalcifying chemical agent and employing heat, vacuum, or electric current to enhance the procedure. Completion of decalcification is adjudged by determination of end-point. Histological examination of hard tooth tissues and pulp is essential for diagnosis of developmental pathologies, pulp pathologies, and forensic odontology analysis as well as for research purpose.
In our study, we studied the time consumed for decalcification procedure by conventional decalcification method and with the microwave-assisted decalcification method for teeth, using 5% nitric acid, 5% trichloracetic acid, and 14% EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), respectively, along with morphological preservation of dentin and pulp tissue by analyzing preservation of their issue structure (pulp shrinkage, odontoblastic layer damage) and staining efficacy (patchy staining) for the three types of decalcifying agents used.
The sample for this study included 120 freshly extracted teeth consisting of teeth of mandibular dentition. Samples were divided into two study groups:Group I: Decalcified by Conventional methodGroup II: Decalcified by Microwave method.Each group consisted of, three sub-groups employing a different decalcifying agent from among the three decalcifying agents used, that is, 5% nitric acids, 5% trichloroacetic acid, and 14%EDTA respectively.
The difference in speed of decalcification for both groups showed significant result. In either group, decalcification was fastest using 5% nitric acid. The difference in number of decalcified teeth sections showing shrinkage of pulp was not statistically significant for both groups. Damaged odontoblastic layer was evident only in the teeth treated with 5% nitric acid by microwave method. Patchy staining was observed in a few samples of all sample groups except those decalcified with EDTA by conventional method but the results were not statistically different on intercomparison.
Our results are similar to those of previous studies and we found that microwave method is an option that can reduce the time of decalcification. Tooth tissue morphology also was noted to be well preserved with 5% trichloracetic acid and 14% EDTA in comparison to 5% Nitric acid.
通过一种称为“脱钙”的过程可实现硬组织的完全脱矿质化，同时保留有机成分以维持其组织结构，并获得用于组织学检查的薄片。牙齿脱钙可通过将组织置于脱钙化学试剂中，并利用加热、真空或电流来加速该过程来实现。脱钙的完成通过终点测定来判断。对硬牙组织和牙髓进行组织学检查对于发育性病变、牙髓病变的诊断、法医牙科学分析以及研究目的而言至关重要。
在我们的研究中，我们分别使用5%硝酸、5%三氯乙酸和14%乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA），研究了常规脱钙方法和微波辅助脱钙方法对牙齿进行脱钙过程所消耗的时间，并通过分析牙本质和牙髓组织的结构保存情况（牙髓收缩、成牙本质细胞层损伤）以及所用三种脱钙剂的染色效果（斑驳染色），观察其对牙本质和牙髓组织形态的保存情况。
本研究的样本包括120颗新鲜拔除的下颌牙列牙齿。样本分为两个研究组：
采用常规方法脱钙
采用微波方法脱钙
每组又分为三个亚组分别使用三种脱钙剂中的一种，即分别使用5%硝酸、5%三氯乙酸和14% EDTA。
两组脱钙速度的差异显示出显著结果。在任何一组中，使用5%硝酸脱钙最快。两组中显示牙髓收缩的脱钙牙齿切片数量差异无统计学意义。仅在微波法处理的5%硝酸处理的牙齿中观察到成牙本质细胞层受损。除常规方法用EDTA脱钙的样本外，在所有样本组的少数样本中均观察到斑驳染色，但相互比较时结果无统计学差异。
我们的结果与先前研究相似，并且我们发现微波法是一种可以减少脱钙时间的选择。与5%硝酸相比，还发现5%三氯乙酸和14% EDTA对牙齿组织形态的保存也较好。
