Wang Yuanyuan, Guo Changjun, He Jianguo
School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals & Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
J Virol. 2025 Jan 31;99(1):e0173724. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01737-24. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
The expansion of global aquaculture has brought challenges from emerging pathogens, resulting in disease-related production losses across various regions. Among these pathogens, aquatic circoviruses-small, single-stranded DNA viruses initially detected in barbel ()-have now been identified in multiple aquaculture species. These viruses have been associated with various clinical manifestations in economically important fish, crustacean, and mollusk species, including acute hemorrhage syndrome, which has shown mortality rates up to 95% in controlled laboratory infections of turbot. This review consolidates current knowledge on aquatic circoviruses, focusing on their genetic diversity, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management strategies. The analysis encompasses observed host range patterns, documented instances of cross-species transmission, and evolutionary characteristics, such as host-specific clustering and recombination events. Research gaps are highlighted, particularly in understanding viral pathogenic mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and their ecological roles within aquatic ecosystems. We evaluate recent advances in diagnostic methods, including targeted vaccine design and RNA interference technology. The review outlines future research priorities, including elucidating cross-species transmission potential, developing effective treatments, and assessing the full economic impact of these viruses on aquaculture. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review aims to guide future research efforts and inform strategies to mitigate the impact of circoviruses on aquaculture sustainability.
全球水产养殖的扩张带来了新出现病原体带来的挑战，导致各地区出现与疾病相关的生产损失。在这些病原体中，水生环状病毒——最初在鲤科鱼中检测到的小型单链DNA病毒——现已在多种水产养殖物种中被发现。这些病毒与经济上重要的鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物物种的各种临床表现有关，包括急性出血综合征，在对大菱鲆的对照实验室感染中，该综合征的死亡率高达95%。本综述整合了关于水生环状病毒的现有知识，重点关注其遗传多样性、流行病学、发病机制和管理策略。分析涵盖观察到的宿主范围模式、记录在案的跨物种传播实例以及进化特征，如宿主特异性聚类和重组事件。突出了研究空白，特别是在理解病毒致病机制、宿主-病原体相互作用及其在水生生态系统中的生态作用方面。我们评估了诊断方法的最新进展，包括靶向疫苗设计和RNA干扰技术。本综述概述了未来的研究重点，包括阐明跨物种传播潜力、开发有效治疗方法以及评估这些病毒对水产养殖的全面经济影响。通过提供全面的概述，本综述旨在指导未来的研究工作，并为减轻环状病毒对水产养殖可持续性影响的策略提供信息。
