Gong Feijie, Zhang Tianqi, Zhao Tong, Qi Anan, Xu Peng, Huang Qi, Li Yifan, Wang Miao, Xiao Yang, Yang Lingxiao, Ji Yaqin, Wang Wenxing
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Qingdao, 266003, China.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 15;367:125529. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125529. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
The consumption of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has surged significantly recent years since global banning of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Industrial activity is an important source of OPFRs, however there are few studies on OPFRs contamination in the indoor and outdoor atmosphere of industrial areas. A study was conducted to analyze contamination of 15 OPFRs individuals in both indoor and outdoor air and PM of living and industrial sites of the petrochemical industrial area (outdoor and indoor sites of living area was LO and LI, outdoor and indoor sites of industrial area was IO and II). The average concentrations of OPFRs in PM of LO (16.40 ng/m) and IO (17.83 ng/m) were similar, while LI (60.46 ng/m) was higher than that in II (33.43 ng/m). The average concentrations of indoor OPFR in PM and air in summer were 4.10 and 2.22 times higher than those in winter, respectively. This seasonal concentration variation of OPFRs may attribute to the influence of temperature that accelerated the releasing of OPFRs from materials. Source apportionment results indicated that the indoor source (material emission) was the dominant contributor of indoor OPFRs in PM and air, and outdoor sources (industrial and traffic sources) had significant contribution to OPFRs in indoor and outdoor air and outdoor PM. The gas-particle partitioning of OPFRs had not reached equilibrium state. The K absorption model has better fitting effect for OPFRs with logK > 10. The health risk of OPFRs for both adult and child was neglectable. While considering the high contribution of TCEP to carcinogenic risk, and high contribution of TCPP to none-carcinogenic risk, their health risk should be given special attention.
自全球禁止使用溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）以来，近年来有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的消费量大幅飙升。工业活动是OPFRs的一个重要来源，然而，关于工业区室内和室外大气中OPFRs污染的研究却很少。开展了一项研究，以分析石化工业区生活区和工业区室内外空气及颗粒物中15种OPFRs个体的污染情况（生活区室外和室内场所分别为LO和LI，工业区室外和室内场所分别为IO和II）。LO（16.40 ng/m）和IO（17.83 ng/m）颗粒物中OPFRs的平均浓度相似，而LI（60.46 ng/m）高于II（33.43 ng/m）。夏季颗粒物和空气中室内OPFRs的平均浓度分别比冬季高4.10倍和2.22倍。OPFRs的这种季节性浓度变化可能归因于温度的影响，温度加速了OPFRs从材料中的释放。源解析结果表明，室内源（材料排放）是颗粒物和空气中室内OPFRs的主要贡献者，室外源（工业和交通源）对室内外空气及室外颗粒物中的OPFRs有显著贡献。OPFRs的气-粒分配尚未达到平衡状态。K吸收模型对logK>10的OPFRs拟合效果较好。OPFRs对成人和儿童的健康风险均可忽略不计。鉴于三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）对致癌风险的高贡献以及磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯（TCPP）对非致癌风险的高贡献，应特别关注它们的健康风险。
