Atzeni Alessandro, Martínez María Ágeles, Babio Nancy, Konstanti Prokopis, Tinahones Francisco J, Vioque Jesús, Corella Dolores, Fitó Montserrat, Vidal Josep, Moreno-Indias Isabel, Pertusa-Martinez Salvador, Álvarez-Sala Andrea, Castañer Olga, Goday Albert, Damas-Fuentes Miguel, Belzer Clara, Martínez-Gonzalez Miguel Á, Hu Frank B, Salas-Salvadó Jordi
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 10;9:976547. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976547. eCollection 2022.
The production and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased considerably during the last years worldwide. Collective evidence shows the association between UPF consumption and adverse health outcomes, including inflammatory gastro-intestinal disorders and obesity. The gut microbiota has been suggested as potential mediator of the effects of UPF consumption on metabolism and health. However, few studies have been conducted in order to elucidate these aspects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the cross-sectional associations between UPF consumption and gut microbiota in a population of senior subjects ( = 645) within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Eligible participants were men and women (aged 55-75 years), without documented history of cardiovascular disease at enrollment, with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≤ 27 and <40 kg/m) and metabolic syndrome. Using the information of food frequency questionnaires, the consumption of UPF, expressed as a percentage of total dietary energy intake in kcal/day, was calculated considering those food items classified in group 4 of NOVA system. Population was categorized according to tertiles of UPF consumption. Taxonomic fecal microbiota information, along with blood biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements and clinical data were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to study the association between fecal microbiota composition and UPF consumption. We observed that subjects allocated in the highest tertile of UPF consumption (21.4 ± 5.0 % kcal/day) presented lower adherence to MedDiet ( < 0.001) and higher total energy intake ( < 0.001). The taxonomic analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed a significant (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted < 0.2) positive association between specific taxa and tertiles (T) of UPF consumption: ( = 0.041 vs. T2; = 0.065 vs. T3), ( = 0.096 vs. T3), ( = 0.116 vs. T3), and ( = 0.116 vs. T2). UPF consumption was positively associated with lower adherence to MedDiet and higher total energy intake in senior subjects with overweight obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, positive association with specific fecal microbiota taxa related to inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, was observed.
在过去几年中，全球超加工食品（UPF）的生产和消费大幅增加。综合证据表明，UPF消费与不良健康结果之间存在关联，包括炎症性胃肠疾病和肥胖。肠道微生物群被认为是UPF消费对代谢和健康影响的潜在介质。然而，为阐明这些方面所开展的研究较少。因此，本研究的目的是在PREDIMED-Plus试验框架内，评估老年受试者群体（n = 645）中UPF消费与肠道微生物群之间的横断面关联。符合条件的参与者为男性和女性（年龄55 - 75岁），入组时无心血管疾病记录，超重/肥胖（体重指数≤27且<40 kg/m²）且患有代谢综合征。利用食物频率问卷信息，考虑到NOVA系统第4组分类的那些食物项目，计算出UPF的消费量，以千卡/天为单位表示为总膳食能量摄入的百分比。根据UPF消费三分位数对人群进行分类。获取了粪便微生物群分类信息以及血液生化参数、人体测量数据和临床数据。进行了生物信息学分析，以研究粪便微生物群组成与UPF消费之间的关联。我们观察到，分配到UPF消费最高三分位数（21.4 ± 5.0 %千卡/天）的受试者对地中海饮食的依从性较低（P < 0.001），总能量摄入较高（P < 0.001）。粪便微生物群的分类分析显示，特定分类群与UPF消费三分位数（T）之间存在显著（Benjamini-Hochberg校正P < 0.2）正相关：普氏菌属（P = 0.041对比T2；P = 0.065对比T3）、瘤胃球菌属（P = 0.096对比T3）、拟杆菌属（P = 0.116对比T3）和粪杆菌属（P = 0.116对比T2）。在超重肥胖和患有代谢综合征的老年受试者中，UPF消费与较低的地中海饮食依从性和较高的总能量摄入呈正相关。此外，还观察到与炎症性胃肠疾病以及水果和蔬菜低消费量相关的特定粪便微生物群分类群存在正相关。
