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聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵包覆的纤维素纳米晶体的灭菌后物理化学表征及生物活性

Post-Sterilization Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals Coated with PDDA.

作者信息

Donato Ashley, Nadkarni Siddharth, Tiwari Lakshay, Poran Serafina, Sunasee Rajesh, Ckless Karina

机构信息

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA.

出版信息

Molecules. 2024 Nov 27;29(23):5600. doi: 10.3390/molecules29235600.

DOI:10.3390/molecules29235600
PMID:39683756
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11643580/
Abstract

The rapid expansion of medical nanotechnology has significantly broadened the potential applications of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). While CNCs were initially developed for drug delivery, they are now being investigated for a range of advanced biomedical applications. As these applications evolve, it becomes crucial to understand the physicochemical behavior of CNCs in biologically relevant media to optimize their design and ensure biocompatibility. Functionalized CNCs can adsorb biomolecules, forming a "protein corona" that can impact their physicochemical properties, including alterations in particle size, zeta potential, and overall functionality. In this study, CNCs were coated with low (8500 Da)- and high (400,000-500,000 Da)-molecular-weight cationic polymer (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride-(PDDA) via non-covalent grafting, and their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their biological effects, were assessed in physiologically relevant media after sterilization. Our findings show that autoclaving significantly alters the physicochemical properties of CNC-PDDA, particularly when coated with low-molecular-weight (LMW) polymer. Furthermore, we observed that CNC-PDDA of a high molecular weight (HMW) has a greater impact on cell viability and blood biocompatibility than its LMW counterpart. Moreover, cellular immune responses to both CNC-PDDA LMW and HMW vary in the presence or absence of serum, implying that protein adsorption influences cell-nanomaterial recognition and their biological activity. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing CNC-based nanomaterials for therapeutic applications.

摘要

医学纳米技术的迅速发展显著拓宽了纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）的潜在应用范围。虽然CNCs最初是为药物递送而开发的，但现在它们正被研究用于一系列先进的生物医学应用。随着这些应用的不断发展，了解CNCs在生物相关介质中的物理化学行为对于优化其设计并确保生物相容性变得至关重要。功能化的CNCs可以吸附生物分子，形成“蛋白质冠层”，这可能会影响其物理化学性质，包括粒径、zeta电位和整体功能的改变。在本研究中，通过非共价接枝用低分子量（8500 Da）和高分子量（400,000 - 500,000 Da）的阳离子聚合物（聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵 - PDDA）包覆CNCs，并在灭菌后在生理相关介质中评估其物理化学特性及其生物学效应。我们的研究结果表明，高压灭菌会显著改变CNC - PDDA的物理化学性质，特别是当用低分子量（LMW）聚合物包覆时。此外，我们观察到高分子量（HMW）的CNC - PDDA比其低分子量对应物对细胞活力和血液生物相容性有更大的影响。而且，在有或没有血清的情况下，细胞对CNC - PDDA低分子量和高分子量的免疫反应有所不同，这意味着蛋白质吸附会影响细胞 - 纳米材料的识别及其生物学活性。这项研究为优化用于治疗应用的基于CNC的纳米材料提供了有价值的见解。

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