Frazier A Nathan, Beck Matthew R, Waldrip Heidi, Koziel Jacek A
Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bushland, TX, United States.
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Dec 2;15:1503315. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1503315. eCollection 2024.
Ruminant livestock provide meat, milk, wool, and other products required for human subsistence. Within the digestive tract of ruminant animals, the rumen houses a complex and diverse microbial ecosystem. These microbes generate many of the nutrients that are needed by the host animal for maintenance and production. However, enteric methane (CH) is also produced during the final stage of anaerobic digestion. Growing public concern for global climate change has driven the agriculture sector to enhance its investigation into CH mitigation. Many CH mitigation methods have been explored, with varying outcomes. With the advent of new sequencing technologies, the host-microbe interactions that mediate fermentation processes have been examined to enhance ruminant enteric CH mitigation strategies. In this review, we describe current knowledge of the factors driving ruminant microbial assembly, how this relates to functionality, and how CH mitigation approaches influence ecological and evolutionary gradients. Through the current literature, we elucidated that many ecological and evolutionary properties are working in tandem in the assembly of ruminant microbes and in the functionality of these microbes in methanogenesis. Additionally, we provide a conceptual framework for future research wherein ecological and evolutionary dynamics account for CH mitigation in ruminant microbial composition. Thus, preparation of future research should incorporate this framework to address the roles ecology and evolution have in anthropogenic climate change.
反刍家畜提供人类生存所需的肉类、奶类、羊毛及其他产品。在反刍动物的消化道内，瘤胃中存在着复杂多样的微生物生态系统。这些微生物产生宿主动物维持生存和进行生产所需的许多营养物质。然而，在厌氧消化的最后阶段也会产生肠道甲烷（CH）。公众对全球气候变化的关注度不断提高，促使农业部门加强对甲烷减排的研究。人们探索了许多甲烷减排方法，结果各不相同。随着新测序技术的出现，人们对介导发酵过程的宿主-微生物相互作用进行了研究，以加强反刍动物肠道甲烷减排策略。在这篇综述中，我们描述了驱动反刍动物微生物组装的因素的现有知识，这与功能的关系，以及甲烷减排方法如何影响生态和进化梯度。通过现有文献，我们阐明了许多生态和进化特性在反刍动物微生物组装及其在甲烷生成中的功能方面协同发挥作用。此外，我们为未来的研究提供了一个概念框架，其中生态和进化动态解释了反刍动物微生物组成中的甲烷减排情况。因此，未来研究的准备工作应纳入这个框架，以探讨生态和进化在人为气候变化中的作用。
